ReentrantLock,在面试的时候也是高频问题。java
他是一个可重入锁(一样的还有 Synchronized) ,可重入的意思是,当一个资源被一个线程拿到并加了锁以后,这个线程还能够再次进入这个资源,而后再次加锁。锁的count++。当count==0,以后,才表示这个锁被释放,其余线程能够抢夺node
那么他是怎么实现的呢?git
咱们进入到ReentrantLock的源码中进行分析github
全部文章同步更新与Github--Java-Notes,想了解JVM(基本更完),HashMap源码分析,spring相关,并发,剑指offer题解(Java版),能够点个star。能够看个人github主页,天天都在更新哟(自从上班,天天都是晚上写到12点多,早上6点多起来码字,天天的动力就是看这star数往上涨)。面试
若是不知道这个怎么看或者不知道这个怎么调出来的,能够看看个人这篇文章,看源码用到的小工具spring
从图中咱们能够看到,ReentrantLock实现了两个接口,Lock和Serializable。其中Lock接口里面定义了锁要使用的方法编程
而后ReentrantLock里面还有一个重要的抽象类 Sync,它定义了不少方法。安全
咱们经过最开始的继承图片能够看出来,这个Sync类继承自AQS(AbstactQueuedSynchronizer),请记住这个AQS,由于他是JUC ,Java并发工具中的核心。之后会常常出现,面试也会问这个玩意儿并发
再看AQS app
他这里定义了不少不少东西,由于实在太多,并且很重要,因此我又把它单独抽出来,封装成了另外一篇文章 谈谈AQS
我是看的《Java并发编程的艺术》,就以他的顺序来,从lock入手
// 他又去调用 sync 实例的lock方法,
//咱们以前说过,不少的处理逻辑都是在Sync这个类中完成的
public void lock() {
sync.lock();
}
/** * Performs {@link Lock#lock}. The main reason for subclassing * is to allow fast path for nonfair version */
// 可是这个类中是一个抽象方法,缘由也写的很清楚了
// 主要缘由是为了非公平锁的子类能更快的找到他的非公平处理方法
abstract void lock();
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/** * Sync object for fair locks */
static final class FairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;
final void lock() {
// 调用AQS中的方法
acquire(1);
}
// acquire 是 AQS的方法
public final void acquire(int arg) {
if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
// 若是既没有获取到锁,也没有将其加入队列,则此线程中断
selfInterrupt();
}
/**再往下看tryAcquire方法,这个方法AQS里没有实现,直接抛出了异常,这么作是避免子类实现全部接口,咱们看java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.FairSync这个AQS子类的实现 */
protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/** * Fair version of tryAcquire. Don't grant access unless * recursive call or no waiters or is first. */
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
// 获取到线程的状态,0表示释放了锁,state>0表示获取了锁
int c = getState();
if (c == 0) {
// 若是没有其余线程占用,而且经过CAS操做把线程状态设置为1了,
// 那么就将线程指向当前线程
if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
}
// 若是 此线程是重入的,即占有这个资源的仍是原来的那把锁,则将计数器+1
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
int nextc = c + acquires;
if (nextc < 0)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
setState(nextc);
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
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刚刚咱们看了前面的一部分,在看逻辑与运算的的后半截
public final void acquire(int arg) {
if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
selfInterrupt();
}
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他调用了acquireQueued的方法,而且传入了两个参数,一个是 addWaiter方法,一个是以前传过来的参数 1.
addWaiter方法传入了一个 独占式(EXCLUSIVE)的Node(还有共享式的 SHARED)
咱们进入这个方法
/** * Creates and enqueues node for current thread and given mode. * * @param mode Node.EXCLUSIVE for exclusive, Node.SHARED for shared * @return the new node */
private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
// Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
Node pred = tail;
// 队列的末尾不为空,即有线程拿到了锁,就CAS入队
if (pred != null) {
node.prev = pred;
if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
pred.next = node;
return node;
}
}
enq(node);
return node;
}
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若是队列中没有线程,那么就调用下面的enq方法
/** * Inserts node into queue, initializing if necessary. See picture above. * @param node the node to insert * @return node's predecessor */
// 一直循CAS设置头和尾,直到两个都成功。
private Node enq(final Node node) {
for (;;) {
Node t = tail;
if (t == null) { // Must initialize
if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
tail = head;
} else {
node.prev = t;
if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
t.next = node;
return t;
}
}
}
}
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而后咱们再看acquireQueued方法
/** * Acquires in exclusive uninterruptible mode for thread already in * queue. Used by condition wait methods as well as acquire. * * @param node the node * @param arg the acquire argument * @return {@code true} if interrupted while waiting */
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
/* * 若是前置节点是head,说明当前节点是队列第一个等待的节点,这时去 * 尝试获取锁,若是成功了则 * 获取锁成功。这里有的同窗可能没看懂,不是刚尝试失败并插入队列 * 吗,咋又尝试获取锁? 其实这 * 里是个循环,其余刚被唤醒的线程也会执行到这个代码 */
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return interrupted;
}
// 判断 获取失败是否须要线程阻塞
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
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咱们再进入 shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire
这个方法,
/** * Checks and updates status for a node that failed to acquire. * Returns true if thread should block. This is the main signal * control in all acquire loops. Requires that pred == node.prev. * * @param pred node's predecessor holding status * @param node the node * @return {@code true} if thread should block */
private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
// 找到前驱节点的状态
int ws = pred.waitStatus;
// 若是前驱节点的状态 为 SINGAl,那么本次的阻塞能够安全进行
// 由于前驱节点承诺执行完后会唤醒当前线程
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
/* * This node has already set status asking a release * to signal it, so it can safely park. */
return true;
// 若是前驱节点大于0,那么说明他已经取消了,要往前遍历链表,找到不是已取消状态的节点,并将其后继节点设置为传进来的当前节点
if (ws > 0) {
/* * Predecessor was cancelled. Skip over predecessors and * indicate retry. */
do {
node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
} while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
pred.next = node;
} else {
/* * waitStatus must be 0 or PROPAGATE. Indicate that we * need a signal, but don't park yet. Caller will need to * retry to make sure it cannot acquire before parking. */
// 若是都不是,那么就说明 状态不是 0 就是 PROPAGATE,
// 这样的话调用者再尝试一下可否获取锁
compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
}
return false;
}
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public static void park(Object blocker) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
// 设置当前线程的 block
setBlocker(t, blocker);
// 使用UNSAFE 类,也就是native方法到JVM级别去阻塞当前线程
UNSAFE.park(false, 0L);
// 将 blocker 设置成 空
setBlocker(t, null);
}
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// 先调用 ReentrantLock 的 unlock方法
// 这个方法会调用内部类的release方法,可是这个方法是Sync从父类AQS继承过来的
// 因此他是调用的 AQS里面的release方法
public void unlock() {
sync.release(1);
}
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咱们再次进入AQS ,找到release方法
/** * Releases in exclusive mode. Implemented by unblocking one or * more threads if {@link #tryRelease} returns true. * This method can be used to implement method {@link Lock#unlock}. * * @param arg the release argument. This value is conveyed to * {@link #tryRelease} but is otherwise uninterpreted and * can represent anything you like. * @return the value returned from {@link #tryRelease} */
public final boolean release(int arg) {
if (tryRelease(arg)) {
Node h = head;
// 若是链表有头,而且不为 0 ,就唤醒后面的节点
if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
// 释放这个节点
unparkSuccessor(h);
return true;
}
return false;
}
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protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
// 获得锁的计数器
int c = getState() - releases;
if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
boolean free = false;
// 若是state为0,说明已经解锁了
if (c == 0) {
free = true;
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
}
setState(c);
return free;
}
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/** * Wakes up node's successor, if one exists. * * @param node the node */
// 唤醒后继节点
private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
/* * If status is negative (i.e., possibly needing signal) try * to clear in anticipation of signalling. It is OK if this * fails or if status is changed by waiting thread. */
int ws = node.waitStatus;
if (ws < 0)
// 使用CAS设置等待状态
compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);
/* * Thread to unpark is held in successor, which is normally * just the next node. But if cancelled or apparently null, * traverse backwards from tail to find the actual * non-cancelled successor. */
Node s = node.next;
// 若是当前节点的后继节点为空 或者是取消状态,从后面遍历,
// 找到不是取消状态的,并将其设置为后继节点
if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
s = null;
for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
s = t;
}
// 若是后继节点不为空,唤醒后继节点
if (s != null)
LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
}
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