ubuntu更新源小常识

1:去掉linux 系统vi中出现^M字符的方法

去掉linux系统vi中出现^M字符的方法:
^M符号是windows系统下的換行符，在windows下的文本经过bin模式ftp上传到了unxi空间出现的，要去掉这些结束符，咱们能够用dos2unix命令去掉，也能够直接在vi中操做去掉,实现方法以下：
在test.txt文件中有以下内容：
eeesdgtdfg
dfgdfgfdgfd ^M
ineesert into pusfdgdfgfd)ff;^M
adwwfdfed
adfdsdfsfdsf.^M
在命令模式下运行命令 :%s/^M//g 回车
注意：里面的^M 必须是同时按 Ctrl+V+M
，表示回车。
不是直接输入 ^M，也不是粘帖复制。
命令完成后，用:x 保存退出后，再次用vi打开就所有被替换掉了。

2:没法得到锁 /var/lib/apt/lists/lock – open

在网上搜索到的解决方案──“将/var/lib/apt/list/lock删除掉便可”──实际上是一种极端的状况，也就是在上次更新没有正常关闭的状况下使用。

在大部分状况下，问题的缘由在于其它的程序如系统的自动更新、新立得等正在使用apt-get进程，因此解决方法也就是将这一进程关闭。具体以下：

一、ps-aux 查出apt-get进程的PID，一般是一个四位数字。
二、用sudo kill PID代码 杀死进程
三、用sudo apt-get update，sudo apt-get dist-upgrade升级。

3:将gb2312 转码utf8

iconv -f gb2312 -t utf8 source.list -o source.list

每次升级ubuntu都有更换更新源（gengxinyuan），其实更新源地址没必要上网找，直接本身更改就能够了。更新源的地址基本上是这样的：

        deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric main universe restricted multiverse

      这个是11.10的更新源地址，其中 oneiric就是ubuntu 11.10的开发代号，因此咱们只须要将电脑中的更新源列表里的开发代号替换为ubuntu 12.04的开发代号就能够了，用ctrl+F查找出来所有替换就能够了。所以之后再换版本就不用本身上网搜索更新源了。ubuntu 12.04的开发代号是Precise Pangolin，译为精确的穿山甲。因此只需将oneiric替换为precise便可

一、首先备份Ubuntu 11.10源列表
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup （备份下当前的源列表，有备无患嘛）

二、修改更新源
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list （打开Ubuntu 11.10源列表文件）

三、用ctrl+F查找全部的oneiric，而后所有替换为precise

四、通知ubuntu启用新的更新源   sudo apt-get update

//固然若是你比较懒，或者是全新安装的ubuntu，那你能够直接把下面的代码复制到sources.list中

#台湾源
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise  main universe restricted multiverse 
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise  main universe restricted multiverse 
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted 
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted


#网易 Ubuntu 11.10 源（速度很快）
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted


#骨头源，骨头源是bones7456架设的一个Ubuntu源 ，提供ubuntu,deepin
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted


#mirror.lupaworld.com的源，速度很快
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse



#ubuntu.cn99.com源（推荐）:
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse


//教育网源
若是你是在校大学生，可使用校园网/教育网，就是用教育网的资源吧，中科大，兰大、厦门大学都有不少资源，尤为是支持ipv6的，那更新速度就按兆算了。
中科大：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
厦门大学：http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/howto/ #电子科技大学 deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse #中国科技大学 deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports restricted universe multiverse deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse #北京理工大学 deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe #兰州大学 deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe #上海交通大学 deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe