第一步:程序员
获取Valgrind 包 能够先使用浏览器访问http://valgrind.org/downloads/查看当前版本浏览器
wget http://valgrind.org/downloads/valgrind-3.10.1.tar.bz2多线程
第二步:app
将下载的文件解压ide
tar -jxvf valgrind-3.10.1.tar.bz2函数
第三步:工具
安装和配置
./autogen.sh
./configure性能
make; make install优化
Linux下利用Valgrind工具进行内存泄露检测和性能分析
Valgrind一般用来成分析程序性能及程序中的内存泄露错误spa
一 Valgrind工具集简绍
Valgrind包含下列工具:
一、memcheck:检查程序中的内存问题,如泄漏、越界、非法指针等。
二、callgrind:检测程序代码的运行时间和调用过程,以及分析程序性能。
三、cachegrind:分析CPU的cache命中率、丢失率,用于进行代码优化。
四、helgrind:用于检查多线程程序的竞态条件。
五、massif:堆栈分析器,指示程序中使用了多少堆内存等信息。
六、lackey:
七、nulgrind:
这几个工具的使用是经过命令:valgrand --tool=name 程序名来分别调用的,当不指定tool参数时默认是 --tool=memcheck
二 Valgrind工具详解
1.Memcheck
最经常使用的工具,用来检测程序中出现的内存问题,全部对内存的读写都会被检测到,一切对malloc、free、new、delete的调用都会被捕获。因此,它能检测如下问题:
一、对未初始化内存的使用;
二、读/写释放后的内存块;
三、读/写超出malloc分配的内存块;
四、读/写不适当的栈中内存块;
五、内存泄漏,指向一块内存的指针永远丢失;
六、不正确的malloc/free或new/delete匹配;
七、memcpy()相关函数中的dst和src指针重叠。
这些问题每每是C/C++程序员最头疼的问题,Memcheck能在这里帮上大忙。
例如:
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <malloc.h>
- #include <string.h>
-
- void test()
- {
- int *ptr = malloc(sizeof(int)*10);
-
- ptr[10] = 7; // 内存越界
-
- memcpy(ptr +1, ptr, 5); // 踩内存
-
-
- free(ptr);
- free(ptr);// 重复释放
-
- int *p1;
- *p1 = 1; // 非法指针
- }
-
- int main(void)
- {
- test();
- return 0;
- }
将程序编译生成可执行文件后执行:valgrind --leak-check=full ./程序名
输出结果以下:
- ==4832== Memcheck, a memory error detector
- ==4832== Copyright (C) 2002-2010, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
- ==4832== Using Valgrind-3.6.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
- ==4832== Command: ./tmp
- ==4832==
- ==4832== Invalid write of size 4 // 内存越界
- ==4832== at 0x804843F: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== Address 0x41a6050 is 0 bytes after a block of size 40 alloc'd
- ==4832== at 0x4026864: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:236)
- ==4832== by 0x8048435: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832==
- ==4832== Source and destination overlap in memcpy(0x41a602c, 0x41a6028, 5) // 踩内存
- ==4832== at 0x4027BD6: memcpy (mc_replace_strmem.c:635)
- ==4832== by 0x8048461: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832==
- ==4832== Invalid free() / delete / delete[] // 重复释放
- ==4832== at 0x4025BF0: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366)
- ==4832== by 0x8048477: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== Address 0x41a6028 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 40 free'd
- ==4832== at 0x4025BF0: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:366)
- ==4832== by 0x804846C: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832==
- ==4832== Use of uninitialised value of size 4 // 非法指针
- ==4832== at 0x804847B: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832==
- ==4832==
- ==4832== Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV) //因为非法指针赋值致使的程序崩溃
- ==4832== Bad permissions for mapped region at address 0x419FFF4
- ==4832== at 0x804847B: test (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832== by 0x804848D: main (in /home/yanghao/Desktop/testC/testmem/tmp)
- ==4832==
- ==4832== HEAP SUMMARY:
- ==4832== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
- ==4832== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 2 frees, 40 bytes allocated
- ==4832==
- ==4832== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
- ==4832==
- ==4832== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
- ==4832== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialised values come from
- ==4832== ERROR SUMMARY: 4 errors from 4 contexts (suppressed: 11 from 6)
- Segmentation fault
从valgrind的检测输出结果看,这几个错误都找了出来。