java集合类学习笔记之ArrayList

一、简述

    ArrayList底层的实现是使用了数组保存全部的数据,全部的操做本质上是对数组的操做,每个ArrayList实例都有一个默认的容量(数组的大小,默认是10),随着html

  对ArrayList不断增长元素,默认的数组会不断的向新数组进行拷贝,因为ArrayList的内部是经过对数组的操做实现的,因此它是线程不安全的java

二、实现

  a、构造方法:

     AyyarList一共提供了三种构造方法:        数组

 /**
     * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
     *         is negative
     */
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
     */
    public ArrayList() {
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
     * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
     * iterator.
     *
     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        elementData = c.toArray();
        if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
            // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
            if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
                elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
        } else {
            // replace with empty array.
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        }
    }
View Code

     在jdk1.8中,ArrayList的无参构造方法默认的是建立了一个空的数组,只有当你第一次添加是时候才会设置它的默认长度为10 ,在jdk1.6中无参构造方法默认安全

    的就是建立一个长度为10 的空数组多线程

  b、定义内部数组:

    

/**
     * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
     * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
     * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
     * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
     */
    transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

    关于transient关键字的说明能够参考个人另一篇博客 java学习笔记之对象序列化app

三、ArrayList的操做

  增长操做:  

    add(E e):  

/**
     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
     *
     * @param e element to be appended to this list
     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }

       调用add(E e)方法时首先会调用ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity)去判断是否须要对集合进行扩容,而后默认的将新插入的对象放到内部数组的末尾,ide

    当内部数组须要扩容时,每次直接将数组的长度值原来的两倍,这种操做的代价是很高的,因此在使用过程当中咱们尽可能避免数组的扩容,当能够预知数组长度的时候学习

    能够在构造的时候久指定其长度this

          

 

    add(int index, E element)

    

/**
     * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this
     * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and
     * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
     *
     * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
     * @param element element to be inserted
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);

        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
                         size - index);
        elementData[index] = element;
        size++;
    }

        在调用add(int index, E element)方法想ArrayList中插入一条数据时,这个方法内部先去判断传入的下表是否大于数组的长度。大于的话就会spa

      抛出IndexOutOfBoundsException异常,插入的下表小于数组的长度的时候,再去判断数组是否须要扩容,最后再调用System.arraycopy方法将数组下表大于传入

      的index的元素所有后移觉得,并将插入的元素放到index位置

    addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)

  

/**
     * Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of
     * this list, in the order that they are returned by the
     * specified collection's Iterator.  The behavior of this operation is
     * undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation
     * is in progress.  (This implies that the behavior of this call is
     * undefined if the specified collection is this list, and this
     * list is nonempty.)
     *
     * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        Object[] a = c.toArray();
        int numNew = a.length;
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount
        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
        size += numNew;
        return numNew != 0;
    }

      在调用addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) 插入一个集合时,这个方法内部先去判断增长这个集合数组是否须要扩容,而后调用

    arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos,Object dest, int destPos,int length)方法将新增长的集合放到数组的末尾

  更新操做:

      

public E set(int index, E e) {
            rangeCheck(index);
            checkForComodification();
            E oldValue = ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index);
            ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index] = e;
            return oldValue;
        }

      在调用set(int index,E e)方法修改里面的值时,方法内部先去检查index下表是都超过数组的最大长度,而后再检查是否有其余的线程对这个对象的长度

    进行修改了(因此是线程不安全的,多线程同时操做容易直接抛异常),最后是直接替换数组中下表index对应的值

  删除操做:

      

/**
     * Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
     * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their
     * indices).
     *
     * @param index the index of the element to be removed
     * @return the element that was removed from the list
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E remove(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);

        modCount++;
        E oldValue = elementData(index);

        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work

        return oldValue;
    }

      在调用remove(int index)删除ArrayList中的数据时,首先校验传入的下标index是大于数组的长度,而后取出将要被删除的数并判断下标index以后是否还有元素,

    若是有的话将下标以后的元素所有往前移动一位,并最终将删除的元素的值返回

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