[ubuntu篇] 使用Github Pages 和hexo 创建我的博客，自定义域名，https加密，搜索引擎google,baidu,360收录

时间  2019-11-25
标签 ubuntu 使用 github pages hexo 创建 我的 博客 自定义 域名 https 加密 搜索引擎 google 收录 栏目 Ubuntu 繁體版
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Part 1: Using Github Pages and Hexo to manage personal blogs.html

Series

Hexo Tutorial

Github recommends us to use Jekyll to manage static pages, which is based on Ruby and is difficult for us to install and configure. So we use Hexo instead. Hexo is a static blog framework similar to Jekyll ,which is based on Node.js and easier for use to use.node

use Github to create repo

  1. create a new repo in github, name by username.github.io: kezunlin.github.iojquery

  2. Setting | Automatic Page Generator, choose a theame and deploy.git

install by apt-get

sudo apt-get -y install nodejs
sudo apt-get -y install nodejs-legacy
sudo apt-get -y install npm
node -v 
npm -v 
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install nodejs from source

# download and compile
wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v8.9.3/node-v8.9.3.tar.gz
tar xzvf node-v8.9.3.tar.gz
cd node-v8.9.3
./configure
make -j8
sudo make install

# link to /usr/bin
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/node /usr/bin/node
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/npm /usr/bin/npm

# check version
node -v 
npm -v 
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test node

cat hello.js
console.log('Hello World');

node hello.js
Hello World
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install hexo

# install hexo globally
sudo npm install hexo-cli -g
#sudo npm install hexo --save

# use cnpm from taobao instead of offical npm, which is slow for chinese users.
sudo npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
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use cnpm instead of npm (optional)github

# cnpm install 
sudo cnpm install hexo-cli -g

# check version
hexo -v
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create hexo site

cd workspace
mkdir blog
cd blog

hexo init
#npm install
hexo generate
hexo server
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now we can visit localhost:4000 and create posts.web

deploy to github

vim blog/_config.ymlchrome

 deploy:
 type: git
 repo:   git@github.com:kezunlin/kezunlin.github.io.git
 branch: master
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generate ssh-key and copy to githubnpm

# generate ssh-key 
cd ~
ssh-keygen
cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub

# copy content to github
# https://github.com/settings/keys

# install plungin and deploy to github
npm install hexo-deployer-git --save
hexo deploy
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now we can visit kezunlin.github.io/vim

add README and skip render

  1. add README.md to source folder

  2. edit blog/_config.yml to skip render README.md

    skip_render:
     - README.md
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use hexo generate to copy README.md from source/ to public/

new post and deploy again

hexo new 'first post'
vim source/_posts/first-post.md

hexo generate
hexo server
hexo deploy
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now we can visit kezunlin.github.io/ and see our first post.

Appendix

Hexo commands

Hexo common commands：

hexo new "postName"       #new post
hexo new page "pageName"  #new page
hexo generate             #generate static files to public/
hexo server               #start server on localhost:4000 
hexo deploy               #push .deploy_git/ to GitHub
hexo clean                #clean files
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Hexo short commands:

hexo n == hexo new
hexo g == hexo generate
hexo s == hexo server
hexo d == hexo deploy
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Hexo composite commands:

hexo server -g
hexo deploy -g
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Post content

header template

---
title: Using Github Pages and Hexo to manage personal blogs
date: 2017-12-26 17:28:10
categories: tutorial
tags: 
    - github pages
    - hexo
    - nodejs
    - npm
---
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more to control web display

<!--more-->
Use static blog framework Hexo to manage site
-----------------------------------------------
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Use next theme

cd blog
git clone https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next themes/next
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vim blog/_config.yml

#theme: landscape
 theme: next
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Avatar

edit blog\themes\next\_config.yml

 avatar: /images/avatar.jpg
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Plugins

install plugin by

npm install <plugin-name> --save
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hexo admin

cnpm install --save hexo-admin
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now we can visit http://localhost:4000/admin/

git deployer

npm install hexo-deployer-git --save
hexo deploy
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rss feed

npm install hexo-generator-feed --save

# visit http://localhost:4000/atom.xml
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sitemap

npm install hexo-generator-sitemap --save
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vim blog/_config.yml

sitemap:
 path: sitemap.xml
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now we can visit http://localhost:4000/sitemap.xml

baidu sitemap

npm install hexo-generator-baidu-sitemap --save
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vim blog/_config.yml

baidusitemap:
 path: baidusitemap.xml
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now we can visit http://localhost:4000/baidusitemap.xml

perment link

cnpm install hexo-abbrlink --save
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edit blog\_config.yml

 permalink: post/:abbrlink/
 abbrlink:
 alg: crc32  # crc16(default) and crc32
 rep: hex    # dec(default) and hex
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will fill abbrlink in your post.md

 ---
 title: Hello World
 categories:
 - tutorial
 tags:
 - hexo
 abbrlink: 4a17b156
 date: 2017-12-26 17:20:10
 ---
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index/archive/category/tag

npm install hexo-generator-index --save
npm install hexo-generator-archive --save
npm install hexo-generator-category --save
npm install hexo-generator-tag --save
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tags list page

hexo new page "tags"
# generate source/tags/index.md
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edit source/tags/index.md

 ---
 title: tags
 date: 2017-12-27 15:46:09
 type: "tags"
 ---
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now we can visit http://localhost:4000/tags/

categories list page

hexo new page "categories"
# generate source/categories/index.md
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edit source/categories/index.md

 ---
 title: categories
 date: 2017-12-27 15:46:03
 type: "categories"
 ---
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now we can visit http://localhost:4000/categories/

local search

install search plugin

cnpm install hexo-generator-search --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-searchdb --save
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edit themes\next\_config.yml

 local_search:
 enable: true # create a new 'Search' button next to 'Archives'
        # if auto, trigger search by changing input
        # if manual, trigger search by pressing enter key or search button
 trigger: auto
        # show top n results per article, show all results by setting to -1
 top_n_per_article: 1

edit `_config.yml`

 search:
 path: search.xml
 field: post
 format: html
 limit: 10000
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install_hexo_plugins.sh

#!/bin/bash 
cnpm install hexo-deployer-git --save

cnpm install hexo-generator-feed --save

cnpm install hexo-generator-sitemap --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-baidu-sitemap --save

cnpm install hexo-generator-index --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-archive --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-category --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-tag --save

cnpm install hexo-generator-search --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-searchdb --save
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Upload images to cnblog

  1. install img-uploader chrome extension by here
  2. upload image and get url.
  3. use url in markdown.
![image here](http://images2017.cnblogs.com/.../123.png)
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Multiple deploy

  • deploy to github.com: username.github.io
  • deploy to coding.net (gitcaffe): username

vim blog/_config.yml

deploy:
 type: git
 repo:
 github: git@github.com:<username>/<username>.github.io.git,master
 coding: git@git.coding.net:<username>/<username>.git,master
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Advanced

custom domain and https

  • blog: Github pages
  • SSL：CloudFlare
  • domain: Godaddy (dns nameservers from CloudFlare)

get ips by

dig kezunlin.github.io +noall +answer
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we get

185.199.108.153
185.199.109.153
185.199.110.153
185.199.111.153
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  • A: point to 185.199.109.153
  • CNAME: point to kezunlin.me

steps:

  1. get kezunlin.me from Godaddy.com
  2. add kezunlin.me to github blog's blog\source\CNAME file
  3. register CloudFlare.com and add A record with github page IP 185.199.109.153 and get dns nameservers dina.ns.cloudflare.com and paul.ns.cloudflare.com
  4. add dns nameservers dina.ns.cloudflare.com and paul.ns.cloudflare.com from here

wait for some seconds and we get results from CloudFlare

kezunlin.me
Status: Active

This website is active on Cloudflare.

Universal SSL Status Active Certificate
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Active means nameservers take effect.

configure

Crypto | Always use HTTPS
Page Rules| 2 rules for Always use HTTPS
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custom domain

  1. register domin in godaddy: kezunlin.me
  2. add kezunlin.me to dnspod and get dnspod nameservers.
  3. visit https://dcc.godaddy.com/manage/kezunlin.me/dns#divDnsManagement to add dnspod nameservers.
f1g1ns1.dnspod.net
f1g1ns2.dnspod.net
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  1. add CNAME records in dnspod
@ CNAME 207.97.227.245  # for github pages
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  1. vim blog/source/CNAME
kezunlin.me
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google analytics

get google-site-verification from google search console and add to themes/next/layout/_partials/head.swig

<meta name="google-site-verification" content="***" />
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get google_analytics and edit themes\next\_config.yml

 google_analytics: UA-***
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google structured-data

  1. grep search for keywords
grep -r Organization .
    ./themes/next/layout/_macro/post.swig:    <span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
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add logo for publisher

  1. edit themes\next\_config.yml and add

    logo: /images/logo.png

  2. edit ./themes/next/layout/_macro/post.swig

<span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
    <meta itemprop="name" content="{{ config.title }}">
    <img itemprop="logo" src="{{ url_for( theme.logo ) }}" />
    #<img itemprop="logo" src="/images/logo.png" />
</span> 
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baidu zhanzhang

get baidu-site-verification from https://ziyuan.baidu.com/ and add to themes/next/layout/_partials/head.swig

<meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="***" />
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360 zhanzhang

get 360-site-verification from http://zhanzhang.so.com/sitetool/ and add to themes/next/layout/_partials/head.swig

<meta name="360-site-verification" content="***" />
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gitment for comment

We can use github repo to store blog site's comments in issues

register OAuth Application

  1. visit github.com/settings/ap…
  2. fill in blanks, callback URL: https://kezunlin.me
  3. get client ID and client secret

gitment config

  1. create a new repo named gitment in Github for storing comments in issues
  2. edit blog\themes\next\_config.yml
 gitment:
 enable: true
 mint: true # RECOMMEND, A mint on Gitment, to support count, language and proxy_gateway
 count: true # Show comments count in post meta area
 lazy: true # Comments lazy loading with a button
 cleanly: false # Hide 'Powered by ...' on footer, and more
 language: zh-Hans # Force language, or auto switch by theme
 github_user: kezunlin # MUST HAVE, Your Github ID
 github_repo: gitment # MUST HAVE, The repo you use to store Gitment comments
 client_id: <***> # MUST HAVE, Github client id for the Gitment
 client_secret: <***>  # EITHER this or proxy_gateway, Github access secret token for the Gitment
 proxy_gateway: # Address of api proxy, See: https://github.com/aimingoo/intersect
 redirect_protocol: # Protocol of redirect_uri with force_redirect_protocol when mint enabled
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Notice

  • github_user: kezunlin
  • github_repo: gitment

init page comment

  1. hexo deploy to deploy blogs
  2. visit page and click button Initialize Comment
  3. post your first comment.

share

jiathis

register jiathis and get uid

jiathis and baidushare do not support https

baidushare (RE)

fix to support https

cd blog
    git clone https://github.com/hrwhisper/baiduShare.git
    mv baiduShare source
    #rm -rf baiduShare
    # make sure we can access localhost:4000/baiduShare/static/api/js/share.js

    # edit baidushare.swig
    grep -r 'bdimg.share.baidu.com' .
    vim ./themes/next/layout/_partials/share/baidushare.swig

    # change //bdimg.share.baidu.com/ to /baiduShare
    <script>
    with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='/baiduShare/static/api/js/share.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];
    </script>

    # there exists a bug in share.js
    hexo generate
    hexo server
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stats

busuanzi

edit blog\themes\next\_config.yml

 busuanzi_count:
        # count values only if the other configs are false
 enable: true
        # custom uv span for the whole site
 site_uv: true
 site_uv_header: <i class="fa fa-user"></i> 访问人数
 site_uv_footer:
        # custom pv span for the whole site
 site_pv: true
 site_pv_header: <i class="fa fa-eye"></i> 总访问量
 site_pv_footer:
        # custom pv span for one page only
 page_pv: true
 page_pv_header: <i class="fa fa-eye"></i> 阅读次数
 page_pv_footer:
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hexo-all-minifier (not)

npm install hexo-all-minifier --save
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edit blog\_config.yml

 all_minifier: true
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Tips: not enable minifier currently because not stable.

hexo-neat

npm install hexo-neat --save
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edit blog\_config.yml

# hexo-neat
 neat_enable: true

 neat_html:
 enable: true
 exclude:
  
 neat_css:
 enable: true
 exclude:
 - '*.min.css'

 neat_js:
 enable: true
 mangle: true
 output:
 compress:
 exclude:
 - '*.min.js'
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403 error

edit themes/next/layout/_partials/head.swig

<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer" />
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optimize for speed

multiple deploy

deploy to coding.net.

vim themes/next/layout/_partials/footer.swig

<p>Hosted by <a href="https://pages.coding.me" style="font-weight: bold">Coding Pages</a></p>
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compress

use hexo-neat or hexo-all-minifier.

Tips: no use, it may cause longer time to load page.

cdn

NOTICE:

We can not use fourth level `####` for header,
otherwise post page will not display properly.
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jquery

jquery: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js
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gitmint

  1. download gitmint files to themes\next\source\lib

    tree gitmint/
 gitmint/
 ├── dist
 │   └── gitmint.browser.js
 └── style
     └── default.css

 2 directories, 2 files
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  2. edit ./themes/next/layout/_third-party/comments/gitment.swig

#<link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/gitmint/style/default.css">
    #<script src="/lib/gitmint/dist/gitmint.browser.js"></script>
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  1. edit _config.yml to skip gitmint file
skip_render: # relative to source/ folder
        - README.md
        - lib/gitmint/dist/*.js
        - lib/gitmint/style/*.css
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faq

errors:

hexo -v
ERROR Local hexo not found in /home/kezunlin/git/blog
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solution:

cd blog
rm node_modules
cnpm install --save
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Reference

History

  • 2017/12/26: created.
  • 2017/12/27: add Appendix,use next theame,add tags/categories page.
  • 2017/12/28: add Advanced, use gitment,baidushare,local search,etc.
  • 2018/01/02: upload images to cnblogs.
  • 2018/01/03: hexo-neat to compress,cdn,etc.
  • 2018/01/22: add part2.
  • 2018/09/05: add ssl.
  • 2019/11/07: reorganize post contents.

Copyright

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