21世纪的重要特征:数字化,网络化和信息化,它是一个以网络为核心的信息时代.
世界经济——————工业经济(industry-based economy)——————→知识经济(knowledge-based economy)
计算机网络的发展过程
node
分组交换(packet switching)
缘由:传统的circuit switching不适应网络数字化传输.
新的网络要:
①用于计算机之间的数字传送
②可以链接不一样类型的计算机(异构网?)
③全部的网络结点都同等重要.(提升网络生存性)
④必须有冗余的路由.(redundant routing)
⑤ 尽量地简单,很是可靠地传送数据.(too simple and too reliable)网络
电路交换一定是面向链接的.(circuit switching must be connection-oriented)
在通话的所有时间内,通话的两个用户始终占用端到端的固定传输带宽.因此致使线路的传输效率很低.While they connection and talk,they engross the bandwidth of transfers all the time.so the efficiency of circuitry's transfers is too bad!
less
分组交换采用存储转发(storage transmit ?)技术.
报文(message)——数据段(segment)——加上首部(header)——分组(packet)
the character of packet switching is label-based,and It is connectionless.
结点交换机(node switch) 进行分组交换,用来转发分组。Node switch get packet switching,and transmit packet.
主机(host)用户进行信息处理。 Host deal with the informations for user.
Two problems which be brought by packet switching: delay and overhead.
Communication subnet and resource subnet which, must be distinguish clearly!
Four sorts of network:
①circuit switching
②message switching
③packet switching
④mixed switching
Of course,you can carve up the network by the bound of action.for example:
①WAN: Wide Area Network
②LAN: Local Area Network
③MAN :Metropolitan Area Network
④AN: Access Network
The two primary guide-line of the network's capability:
bandwidth and delay
(It is hard to learn well, I will read the book and write detailedly latter!)
Four concept:
entity : all hardware and software which can send and receive messages.
protocol: the aggregate of the rule which control two equity entity to keep connection
Service:
SAP:Service Access Point .ide
We must distinguish the differ between the protocol and service clearly!
How tire! I have do my best effort delivery~_~
ui