dojo Provider(script、xhr、iframe)源码解析

  整体结构html

  dojo/request/script、dojo/request/xhr、dojo/request/iframe这三者是dojo提供的provider。dojo将内部的全部provider构建在Deferred基础上造成异步链式模型,utils.deferred函数向3个provider提供统一接口来规范其行为。数据请求在各个provider的发送过程几乎一致:node

  1. 解析options参数util.parseArgs
  2. 建立dfd对象,该对象控制着整个数据接收、处理、传递的过程
    //Make the Deferred object for this xhr request.
            var dfd = util.deferred(
                response,
                cancel,
                isValid,
                isReady,
                handleResponse,
                last
            );
  3. 建立处理last函数(script没有该过程)
  4. 发送请求
  5. watch

  parseArgs函数主要处理三个参数:data(POST方法有效)、query(GET方法有效)、preventCache(添加时间戳防止缓存)ajax

 1 exports.parseArgs = function parseArgs(url, options, skipData){
 2         var data = options.data,
 3             query = options.query;
 4         
 5         if(data && !skipData){
 6             if(typeof data === 'object'){
 7                 options.data = ioQuery.objectToQuery(data);
 8             }
 9         }
10 
11         if(query){
12             if(typeof query === 'object'){
13                 query = ioQuery.objectToQuery(query);
14             }
15             if(options.preventCache){
16                 query += (query ? '&' : '') + 'request.preventCache=' + (+(new Date));
17             }
18         }else if(options.preventCache){
19             query = 'request.preventCache=' + (+(new Date));
20         }
21 
22         if(url && query){
23             url += (~url.indexOf('?') ? '&' : '?') + query;
24         }
25 
26         return {
27             url: url,
28             options: options,
29             getHeader: function(headerName){ return null; }
30         };
31     };
View Code

  返回的response,是一个表明服务器端返回结果的对象,在这里它还只是一个半成品,须要handleResponse函数中为其装填数据。json

  utils.deferred使用为各provider提供统一的接口,来规范数据处理流程,在各provider中须要提供如下参数:跨域

  • 上文中生成的response对象
  • cancel:数据请求被取消以后,provider作本身的逻辑处理
  • isValid根据某些属性判断是否要继续留在_inFlight队列里面(是否还须要进行timeout检查),一般调用handleResponse结束后,isValid为false
  • isReady:根据某些属性判断请求是否成功,成功后调用handleResponse
  • handleResponse:对数据传输的成功与否作不一样逻辑处理,由两种方式触发:provider内部根据某些事件触发(如XMLHttpRequest的load事件),watch模块中不断tick检查,isReady为true时触发;请求成功后provider有本身的逻辑处理,经过handlers数据转换器为response装填data和text(有的话),有的provider不须要handlers好比script
  • last做为dfd的第二波链式回调处理,主要做用是在本次请求结束以后的其余逻辑处理

  utils.deferred函数中作了如下三件事:数组

  1. 建立deferred对象
  2. 为dfd对象装填isValid、isReady、handleResponse方法
  3. 规范数据处理流程
 1 exports.deferred = function deferred(response, cancel, isValid, isReady, handleResponse, last){
 2         var def = new Deferred(function(reason){
 3             cancel && cancel(def, response);
 4 
 5             if(!reason || !(reason instanceof RequestError) && !(reason instanceof CancelError)){
 6                 return new CancelError('Request canceled', response);
 7             }
 8             return reason;
 9         });
10 
11         def.response = response;
12         def.isValid = isValid;
13         def.isReady = isReady;
14         def.handleResponse = handleResponse;
15 
16         function errHandler(error){
17             error.response = response;
18             throw error;
19         }
20         var responsePromise = def.then(okHandler).otherwise(errHandler);
21 
22         if(exports.notify){
23             responsePromise.then(
24                 lang.hitch(exports.notify, 'emit', 'load'),
25                 lang.hitch(exports.notify, 'emit', 'error')
26             );
27         }
28 
29         var dataPromise = responsePromise.then(dataHandler);
30 
31         // http://bugs.dojotoolkit.org/ticket/16794
32         // The following works around a leak in IE9 through the
33         // prototype using lang.delegate on dataPromise and
34         // assigning the result a property with a reference to
35         // responsePromise.
36         var promise = new Promise();
37         for (var prop in dataPromise) {
38             if (dataPromise.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
39                 promise[prop] = dataPromise[prop];
40             }
41         }
42         promise.response = responsePromise;
43         freeze(promise);
44         // End leak fix
45 
46 
47         if(last){
48             def.then(function(response){
49                 last.call(def, response);
50             }, function(error){
51                 last.call(def, response, error);
52             });
53         }
54 
55         def.promise = promise;
56         def.then = promise.then;//利用闭包(waiting数组在deferred模块中是一个全局变量,)
57 
58         return def;
59     };
View Code

  请求成功后整个数据处理流程以下:promise

  watch模块经过不断tick方式来监控请求队列,离开队列的方式有四种:浏览器

  1. provider本身触发handleResponse后dfd.isValid为false,移出监控队列
  2. dfd.isReady为true后触发handleResponse,移出监控队列
  3. timeout超时,调用dfd.cancel取消请求,移出队列
  4. window unload事件中取消全部请求,清空队列
 1 var _inFlightIntvl = null,
 2         _inFlight = [];
 3 
 4     function watchInFlight(){
 5         // summary:
 6         //        internal method that checks each inflight XMLHttpRequest to see
 7         //        if it has completed or if the timeout situation applies.
 8 
 9         var now = +(new Date);
10         // we need manual loop because we often modify _inFlight (and therefore 'i') while iterating
11         for(var i = 0, dfd; i < _inFlight.length && (dfd = _inFlight[i]); i++){
12             var response = dfd.response,
13                 options = response.options;
14             if((dfd.isCanceled && dfd.isCanceled()) || (dfd.isValid && !dfd.isValid(response))){
15                 _inFlight.splice(i--, 1);
16                 watch._onAction && watch._onAction();
17             }else if(dfd.isReady && dfd.isReady(response)){
18                 _inFlight.splice(i--, 1);
19                 dfd.handleResponse(response);
20                 watch._onAction && watch._onAction();
21             }else if(dfd.startTime){
22                 // did we timeout?
23                 if(dfd.startTime + (options.timeout || 0) < now){
24                     _inFlight.splice(i--, 1);
25                     // Cancel the request so the io module can do appropriate cleanup.
26                     dfd.cancel(new RequestTimeoutError('Timeout exceeded', response));
27                     watch._onAction && watch._onAction();
28                 }
29             }
30         }
31         watch._onInFlight && watch._onInFlight(dfd);
32 
33         if(!_inFlight.length){
34             clearInterval(_inFlightIntvl);
35             _inFlightIntvl = null;
36         }
37     }
38 
39     function watch(dfd){
40         // summary:
41         //        Watches the io request represented by dfd to see if it completes.
42         // dfd: Deferred
43         //        The Deferred object to watch.
44         // response: Object
45         //        The object used as the value of the request promise.
46         // validCheck: Function
47         //        Function used to check if the IO request is still valid. Gets the dfd
48         //        object as its only argument.
49         // ioCheck: Function
50         //        Function used to check if basic IO call worked. Gets the dfd
51         //        object as its only argument.
52         // resHandle: Function
53         //        Function used to process response. Gets the dfd
54         //        object as its only argument.
55         if(dfd.response.options.timeout){
56             dfd.startTime = +(new Date);
57         }
58 
59         if(dfd.isFulfilled()){
60             // bail out if the deferred is already fulfilled
61             return;
62         }
63 
64         _inFlight.push(dfd);
65         if(!_inFlightIntvl){
66             _inFlightIntvl = setInterval(watchInFlight, 50);
67         }
68 
69         // handle sync requests separately from async:
70         // http://bugs.dojotoolkit.org/ticket/8467
71         if(dfd.response.options.sync){
72             watchInFlight();
73         }
74     }
75 
76     watch.cancelAll = function cancelAll(){
77         // summary:
78         //        Cancels all pending IO requests, regardless of IO type
79         try{
80             array.forEach(_inFlight, function(dfd){
81                 try{
82                     dfd.cancel(new CancelError('All requests canceled.'));
83                 }catch(e){}
84             });
85         }catch(e){}
86     };
87 
88     if(win && on && win.doc.attachEvent){
89         // Automatically call cancel all io calls on unload in IE
90         // http://bugs.dojotoolkit.org/ticket/2357
91         on(win.global, 'unload', function(){
92             watch.cancelAll();
93         });
94     }
View Code

 

  dojo/request/script缓存

  经过script模块经过动态添加script标签的方式发送请求,该模块支持两种方式来获取数据服务器

  • 设置jsonp参数,以jsonp形式来获取服务器端数据
  • 设置checkString参数,将后台返回的数据挂载到一个全局对象中,经过不断的tick方式检查全局对象是否赋值来进入fulfill回调
  • 若是两个参数都没设置,该script模块会认为仅仅是引入一端外部脚本

  无论使用哪一种方式都是以get方式来大宋数据,同时后台必须返回原生的js对象,因此不须要设置handleAs参数。如下是script处理、发送请求的源码:

 1 function script(url, options, returnDeferred){
 2         //解析参数,生成半成品response
 3         var response = util.parseArgs(url, util.deepCopy({}, options));
 4         url = response.url;
 5         options = response.options;
 6 
 7         var dfd = util.deferred(//构建dfd对象
 8             response,
 9             canceler,
10             isValid,
11             //这里分为三种状况:jsonp方式无需isReady函数;
12             //checkString方式须要不断检查checkString制定的全局变量;
13             //js脚本方式须要检查script标签是否进入load事件
14             options.jsonp ? null : (options.checkString ? isReadyCheckString : isReadyScript),
15             handleResponse
16         );
17 
18         lang.mixin(dfd, {
19             id: mid + (counter++),
20             canDelete: false
21         });
22 
23         if(options.jsonp){//处理callback参数,注意加?仍是&;有代理状况尤其注意,proxy?url这种状况的处理
24             var queryParameter = new RegExp('[?&]' + options.jsonp + '=');
25             if(!queryParameter.test(url)){
26                 url += (~url.indexOf('?') ? '&' : '?') +
27                     options.jsonp + '=' +
28                     (options.frameDoc ? 'parent.' : '') +
29                     mid + '_callbacks.' + dfd.id;
30             }
31 
32             dfd.canDelete = true;
33             callbacks[dfd.id] = function(json){
34                 response.data = json;
35                 dfd.handleResponse(response);
36             };
37         }
38 
39         if(util.notify){//ajax全局事件
40             util.notify.emit('send', response, dfd.promise.cancel);
41         }
42 
43         if(!options.canAttach || options.canAttach(dfd)){
44             //建立script元素发送请求
45             var node = script._attach(dfd.id, url, options.frameDoc);
46 
47             if(!options.jsonp && !options.checkString){
48                 //script加载完毕后设置scriptLoaded,isReadyScript中使用
49                 var handle = on(node, loadEvent, function(evt){
50                     if(evt.type === 'load' || readyRegExp.test(node.readyState)){
51                         handle.remove();
52                         dfd.scriptLoaded = evt;
53                     }
54                 });
55             }
56         }
57         //watch监控请求队列,抹平timeout处理,只有ie跟xhr2才支持原生timeout属性;def.isValid表示是否在检查范围内;
58         watch(dfd);
59 
60         return returnDeferred ? dfd : dfd.promise;
61     }
View Code

  获得数据后,script模块会删除刚刚添加的script元素。按照咱们上面分析的处理逻辑,last函数用于在请求结束后作其余逻辑处理,因此我认为正确的逻辑是放在last中删除script元素,可是dojo中为了兼容低版本ie浏览器,将删除工做放在了isValid函数中。

 1 function isValid(response){
 2         //Do script cleanup here. We wait for one inflight pass
 3         //to make sure we don't get any weird things by trying to remove a script
 4         //tag that is part of the call chain (IE 6 has been known to
 5         //crash in that case).
 6         if(deadScripts && deadScripts.length){
 7             array.forEach(deadScripts, function(_script){
 8                 script._remove(_script.id, _script.frameDoc);
 9                 _script.frameDoc = null;
10             });
11             deadScripts = [];
12         }
13 
14         return response.options.jsonp ? !response.data : true;
15     }

  发送处理请求的整个过程以下:

  

  dojo/request/xhr

  整个xhr.js分为如下几个部分:

  1. 特性检测
  2. handleResponse函数
  3. 对于不一样的XMLHttpRequest使用不一样的isValid、isReady、cancel函数
  4. 建立xhr provider
  5. 根据不一样条件使用不一样的create函数

  xhr函数的处理过程以下:

 1 function xhr(url, options, returnDeferred){
 2         //解析参数
 3         var isFormData = has('native-formdata') && options && options.data && options.data instanceof FormData;
 4         var response = util.parseArgs(
 5             url,
 6             util.deepCreate(defaultOptions, options),
 7             isFormData
 8         );
 9         url = response.url;
10         options = response.options;
11 
12         var remover,
13             last = function(){
14                 remover && remover();//对于xhr2,在请求结束后移除绑定事件
15             };
16 
17         //Make the Deferred object for this xhr request.
18         var dfd = util.deferred(
19             response,
20             cancel,
21             isValid,
22             isReady,
23             handleResponse,
24             last
25         );
26         var _xhr = response.xhr = xhr._create();//建立请求对象
27 
28         if(!_xhr){
29             // If XHR factory somehow returns nothings,
30             // cancel the deferred.
31             dfd.cancel(new RequestError('XHR was not created'));
32             return returnDeferred ? dfd : dfd.promise;
33         }
34 
35         response.getHeader = getHeader;
36 
37         if(addListeners){//若是是xhr2,绑定xhr的load、progress、error事件
38             remover = addListeners(_xhr, dfd, response);
39         }
40 
41         var data = options.data,
42             async = !options.sync,
43             method = options.method;
44 
45         try{//发送请求以前处理其余参数:responseType、withCredential、headers
46             // IE6 won't let you call apply() on the native function.
47             _xhr.open(method, url, async, options.user || undefined, options.password || undefined);
48             if(options.withCredentials){
49                 _xhr.withCredentials = options.withCredentials;
50             }
51             if(has('native-response-type') && options.handleAs in nativeResponseTypes) {
52                 _xhr.responseType = nativeResponseTypes[options.handleAs];
53             }
54             var headers = options.headers,
55                 contentType = isFormData ? false : 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
56             if(headers){//对于X-Requested-With单独处理
57                 for(var hdr in headers){
58                     if(hdr.toLowerCase() === 'content-type'){
59                         contentType = headers[hdr];
60                     }else if(headers[hdr]){
61                         //Only add header if it has a value. This allows for instance, skipping
62                         //insertion of X-Requested-With by specifying empty value.
63                         _xhr.setRequestHeader(hdr, headers[hdr]);
64                     }
65                 }
66             }
67             if(contentType && contentType !== false){
68                 _xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', contentType);
69             }
70             //浏览器根据这个请求头来判断http请求是否由ajax方式发出,
71             //设置X-Requested-with:null以欺骗浏览器的方式进行跨域请求(不多使用)
72             if(!headers || !('X-Requested-With' in headers)){
73                 _xhr.setRequestHeader('X-Requested-With', 'XMLHttpRequest');
74             }
75             if(util.notify){
76                 util.notify.emit('send', response, dfd.promise.cancel);
77             }
78             _xhr.send(data);
79         }catch(e){
80             dfd.reject(e);
81         }
82 
83         watch(dfd);
84         _xhr = null;
85 
86         return returnDeferred ? dfd : dfd.promise;
87     }
View Code

  X-Requested-With请求头用于在服务器端判断request来自Ajax请求仍是传统请求(判不判断是服务器端的事情)传统同步请求没有这个header头,而ajax请求浏览器会加上这个头,能够经过xhr.setRequestHeader('X-Requested-With', null)来避免浏览器进行preflight请求。

  xhr模块的整个请求流程以下:

 

  dojo/request/iframe

  用于xhr没法完成的复杂的请求/响应,体现于两方面:

  • 跨域发送数据(仅仅是发送)
  • 无刷新上传文件

  若是返回的数据不是html或xml格式,好比text、json,必须将数据放在textarea标签中,这是惟一一种能够兼容各个浏览器的获取返回数据的方式。

  

  至于为何要放到textarea标签中,textarea适合大块文本的输入,textbox只适合单行内容输入,而若是直接将数据以文本形式放到html页面中,某些特殊字符会被转义。注意后台返回的content-type必须是text/html。

  关于iframe上传文件的原理请看个人这篇博客:Javascript无刷新上传文件

  使用iframe发送的全部请求都会被装填到一个队列中,这些请求并非并行发送而是依次发送,由于该模块只会建立一个iframe。理解了这一点是看懂整个iframe模块代码的关键。

  iframe函数的源码,与上两个provider相似

 1 function iframe(url, options, returnDeferred){
 2         var response = util.parseArgs(url, util.deepCreate(defaultOptions, options), true);
 3         url = response.url;
 4         options = response.options;
 5 
 6         if(options.method !== 'GET' && options.method !== 'POST'){
 7             throw new Error(options.method + ' not supported by dojo/request/iframe');
 8         }
 9 
10         if(!iframe._frame){
11             iframe._frame = iframe.create(iframe._iframeName, onload + '();');
12         }
13 
14         var dfd = util.deferred(response, null, isValid, isReady, handleResponse, last);
15         
16         //_callNext有last函数控制,其中调用_fireNextRequest构成了整个dfdQueue队列调用
17         dfd._callNext = function(){
18             if(!this._calledNext){
19                 this._calledNext = true;
20                 iframe._currentDfd = null;
21                 iframe._fireNextRequest();
22             }
23         };
24         dfd._legacy = returnDeferred;
25 
26         iframe._dfdQueue.push(dfd);
27         iframe._fireNextRequest();
28 
29         watch(dfd);
30 
31         return returnDeferred ? dfd : dfd.promise;
32     }
View Code

 

  主要看一下iframe模块的请求、处理流程:

  

  

  dojo的源码中有大部分处理兼容性的内容,在本篇博客中并未作详细探讨。看源码主要看总体的处理流程和设计思想,兼容性靠的是基础的积累。同时经过翻看dojo源码我也发现本身的薄弱环节,对于dojo源码的解析暂时告一段落,回去恶补基础。。。