Android为了使用同一张图做为不一样数量文字的背景,设计了一种能够指定区域拉伸的图片格式“.9.png”,这种图片格式就是点九图。java
注意:这种图片格式只能被使用于Android开发。在ios开发中,能够在代码中指定某个点进行拉伸,而在Android中不行,因此在Android中想要达到这个效果,只能使用点九图(下文会啪啪打脸,实际上是能够的,只是不多人这样使用,兼容性不知道怎么样,点击跳转)android
点九图的本质其实是在图片的四周各增长了1px的像素,并使用纯黑(#FF000000)的线进行标记,其它的与原图没有任何区别。能够参考如下图片:ios
标记位置 | 含义 |
---|---|
左-黑点 | 纵向拉伸区域 |
上-黑点 | 横向拉伸区域 |
右-黑线 | 纵向显示区域 |
下-黑线 | 横向显示区域 |
点九图在 Android 中主要有三种应用方式程序员
第一种方式是咱们最经常使用的,直接调用 setBackgroundResource
或者 setImageResource
方法,这样的话图片及能够作到自动拉伸。面试
而对于第二种或者第三种方式,若是咱们直接去加载 .9.png,你会发现图片或者图片背景根本没法拉伸。纳尼,这是为甚么呢。下面,且听老衲慢慢道来。算法
Android 并非直接使用点九图,而是在编译时将其转换为另一种格式,这种格式是将其四周的黑色像素保存至Bitmap类中的一个名为 mNinePatchChunk
的 byte[] 中,并抹除掉四周的这一个像素的宽度;接着在使用时,若是 Bitmap 的这个 mNinePatchChunk
不为空,且为 9patch chunk,则将其构造为 NinePatchDrawable
,不然将会被构造为 BitmapDrawable,最终设置给 view。数组
所以,在 Android 中,咱们若是想动态使用网络下载的点九图,通常须要通过如下步骤:缓存
public static void setNineImagePatch(View view, File file, String url) {
if (file.exists()) {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getAbsolutePath());
byte[] chunk = bitmap.getNinePatchChunk();
if (NinePatch.isNinePatchChunk(chunk)) {
NinePatchDrawable patchy = new NinePatchDrawable(view.getResources(), bitmap, chunk, new Rect(), null);
view.setBackground(patchy);
}
}
}
复制代码
单个图片文件转换服务器
./aapt s -i xxx.9.png -o xxx.png
复制代码
批量转换微信
# 批量转换
./aapt c -S inputDir -C outputDir
# inputDir 为原始.9图文件夹,outputDir 为输出文件夹
复制代码
执行成功实例
jundeMacBook-Pro:一期气泡 junxu$ ./aapt c -S /Users/junxu/Desktop/一期气泡/气泡需求整理 -C /Users/junxu/Desktop/一期气泡/output
Crunching PNG Files in source dir: /Users/junxu/Desktop/一期气泡/气泡需求整理
To destination dir: /Users/junxu/Desktop/一期气泡/output
复制代码
注意:
若不是标准的点九图,在转换的过程会报错,这时候请设计从新提供新的点九图
刚开始,咱们的切图是按照 2 倍图切的,这样在小屏幕手机上会手机气泡高度过大的问题。
缘由分析:
该现象的本质是点九图图片的高度大于单行文本消息的高度。
解决方案一(暂时不可取):
解决方案二
对于低分辨率的手机和高分辨的手机分别下发不一样的图片 url,咱们尝试过得方案是当 density < 2
的时候,采用一倍图图片,density >= 2
采用二倍图图片。
解决方案三
可能有人会有这样的疑问呢,为何要采用一倍图,两倍图的解决方案呢?直接让 UI 设计师给一套图,点九图图片的高度适中不就解决了。是啊,咱们也是这样想得,但他们说对于有一些装饰的点九图,若是缩小高度,一些装饰图案他们不太好切。好比下面图片中的星星。
小结
说到底,方案二,方案三其实都是折中的一种方案,若是直接可以作到点九图缩放,那就完美解决了。而 Android 中 res 目录中的 drawable 或者 mipmap 的点九图确实能作到,去看了相关的代码,目前也没有发现什么好的解决方案,若是你有好的解决方案话,欢迎留言交流。
这个是部分 Android 手机的 bug,解决方法见:stackoverflow.com/questions/1…
public class NinePatchChunk {
private static final String TAG = "NinePatchChunk";
public final Rect mPaddings = new Rect();
public int mDivX[];
public int mDivY[];
public int mColor[];
private static float density = IMO.getInstance().getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
private static void readIntArray(final int[] data, final ByteBuffer buffer) {
for (int i = 0, n = data.length; i < n; ++i)
data[i] = buffer.getInt();
}
private static void checkDivCount(final int length) {
if (length == 0 || (length & 0x01) != 0)
throw new IllegalStateException("invalid nine-patch: " + length);
}
public static Rect getPaddingRect(final byte[] data) {
NinePatchChunk deserialize = deserialize(data);
if (deserialize == null) {
return new Rect();
}
}
public static NinePatchChunk deserialize(final byte[] data) {
final ByteBuffer byteBuffer =
ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
if (byteBuffer.get() == 0) {
return null; // is not serialized
}
final NinePatchChunk chunk = new NinePatchChunk();
chunk.mDivX = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
chunk.mDivY = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
chunk.mColor = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
try {
checkDivCount(chunk.mDivX.length);
checkDivCount(chunk.mDivY.length);
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
// skip 8 bytes
byteBuffer.getInt();
byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.left = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.right = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.top = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.bottom = byteBuffer.getInt();
// skip 4 bytes
byteBuffer.getInt();
readIntArray(chunk.mDivX, byteBuffer);
readIntArray(chunk.mDivY, byteBuffer);
readIntArray(chunk.mColor, byteBuffer);
return chunk;
}
}
NinePatchDrawable patchy = new NinePatchDrawable(view.getResources(), bitmap, chunk, NinePatchChunk.getPaddingRect(chunk), null);
view.setBackground(patchy);
复制代码
如下内容参考腾讯音乐的 Android动态布局入门及NinePatchChunk解密
回顾NinePatchDrawable的构造方法第三个参数bitmap.getNinePatchChunk(),做者猜测,aapt命令其实就是在bitmap图片中,加入了NinePatchChunk的信息,那么咱们是否是只要能本身构造出这个东西,就可让任何图片按照咱们想要的方式拉升了呢?
但是查了一堆官方文档,彷佛并找不到相应的方法来得到这个byte[]类型的chunk参数。
既然没法知道这个chunk如何生成,那么能不能从解析的角度逆向得出这个NinePatchChunk的生成方法呢?
下面就须要从源码入手了。
NinePatchChunk.java
public static NinePatchChunk deserialize(byte[] data) {
ByteBuffer byteBuffer =
ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
byte wasSerialized = byteBuffer.get();
if (wasSerialized == 0) return null;
NinePatchChunk chunk = new NinePatchChunk();
chunk.mDivX = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
chunk.mDivY = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
chunk.mColor = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
checkDivCount(chunk.mDivX.length);
checkDivCount(chunk.mDivY.length);
// skip 8 bytes
byteBuffer.getInt();
byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.left = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.right = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.top = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.bottom = byteBuffer.getInt();
// skip 4 bytes
byteBuffer.getInt();
readIntArray(chunk.mDivX, byteBuffer);
readIntArray(chunk.mDivY, byteBuffer);
readIntArray(chunk.mColor, byteBuffer);
return chunk;
}
复制代码
其实从这部分解析byte[] chunk的源码,咱们已经能够反推出来大概的结构了。以下图,
按照上图中的猜测以及对.9.png的认识,直觉感觉到,mDivX,mDivY,mColor这三个数组是最关键的,可是具体是什么,就要继续看源码了。
ResourceTypes.h
/**
* This chunk specifies how to split an image into segments for
* scaling.
*
* There are J horizontal and K vertical segments. These segments divide
* the image into J*K regions as follows (where J=4 and K=3):
*
* F0 S0 F1 S1
* +-----+----+------+-------+
* S2| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
* +-----+----+------+-------+
* | | | | |
* | | | | |
* F2| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
* | | | | |
* | | | | |
* +-----+----+------+-------+
* S3| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
* +-----+----+------+-------+
*
* Each horizontal and vertical segment is considered to by either
* stretchable (marked by the Sx labels) or fixed (marked by the Fy
* labels), in the horizontal or vertical axis, respectively. In the
* above example, the first is horizontal segment (F0) is fixed, the
* next is stretchable and then they continue to alternate. Note that
* the segment list for each axis can begin or end with a stretchable
* or fixed segment.
* /
复制代码
正如源码中,注释的同样,这个NinePatch Chunk把图片从x轴和y轴分红若干个区域,F区域表明了固定,S区域表明了拉伸。mDivX,mDivY描述了全部S区域的位置起始,而mColor描述了,各个Segment的颜色,一般状况下,赋值为源码中定义的NO_COLOR = 0x00000001就好了。就以源码注释中的例子来讲,mDivX,mDivY,mColor以下:
mDivX = [ S0.start, S0.end, S1.start, S1.end];
mDivY = [ S2.start, S2.end, S3.start, S3.end];
mColor = [c[0],c[1],...,c[11]]
复制代码
对于mColor这个数组,长度等于划分的区域数,是用来描述各个区域的颜色的,而若是咱们这个只是描述了一个bitmap的拉伸方式的话,是不须要颜色的,即源码中NO_COLOR = 0x00000001
说了这么多,咱们仍是经过一个简单例子来讲明如何构造一个按中心点拉伸的 NinePatchDrawable 吧,
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filepath);
int[] xRegions = new int[]{bitmap.getWidth() / 2, bitmap.getWidth() / 2 + 1};
int[] yRegions = new int[]{bitmap.getWidth() / 2, bitmap.getWidth() / 2 + 1};
int NO_COLOR = 0x00000001;
int colorSize = 9;
int bufferSize = xRegions.length * 4 + yRegions.length * 4 + colorSize * 4 + 32;
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bufferSize).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
// 第一个byte,要不等于0
byteBuffer.put((byte) 1);
//mDivX length
byteBuffer.put((byte) 2);
//mDivY length
byteBuffer.put((byte) 2);
//mColors length
byteBuffer.put((byte) colorSize);
//skip
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
//padding 先设为0
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
//skip
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
// mDivX
byteBuffer.putInt(xRegions[0]);
byteBuffer.putInt(xRegions[1]);
// mDivY
byteBuffer.putInt(yRegions[0]);
byteBuffer.putInt(yRegions[1]);
// mColors
for (int i = 0; i < colorSize; i++) {
byteBuffer.putInt(NO_COLOR);
}
return byteBuffer.array();
复制代码
在 stackoverflow 上面也找到牛逼的类,能够动态建立点九图,并拉伸图片,啪啪打脸,刚开始说到 android 中没法想 ios 同样动态指定图片拉伸区域。
public class NinePatchBuilder {
int width, height;
Bitmap bitmap;
Resources resources;
private ArrayList<Integer> xRegions = new ArrayList<Integer>();
private ArrayList<Integer> yRegions = new ArrayList<Integer>();
public NinePatchBuilder(Resources resources, Bitmap bitmap) {
width = bitmap.getWidth();
height = bitmap.getHeight();
this.bitmap = bitmap;
this.resources = resources;
}
public NinePatchBuilder(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXRegion(int x, int width) {
xRegions.add(x);
xRegions.add(x + width);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXRegionPoints(int x1, int x2) {
xRegions.add(x1);
xRegions.add(x2);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXRegion(float xPercent, float widthPercent) {
int xtmp = (int) (xPercent * this.width);
xRegions.add(xtmp);
xRegions.add(xtmp + (int) (widthPercent * this.width));
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXRegionPoints(float x1Percent, float x2Percent) {
xRegions.add((int) (x1Percent * this.width));
xRegions.add((int) (x2Percent * this.width));
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXCenteredRegion(int width) {
int x = (int) ((this.width - width) / 2);
xRegions.add(x);
xRegions.add(x + width);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXCenteredRegion(float widthPercent) {
int width = (int) (widthPercent * this.width);
int x = (int) ((this.width - width) / 2);
xRegions.add(x);
xRegions.add(x + width);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYRegion(int y, int height) {
yRegions.add(y);
yRegions.add(y + height);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYRegionPoints(int y1, int y2) {
yRegions.add(y1);
yRegions.add(y2);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYRegion(float yPercent, float heightPercent) {
int ytmp = (int) (yPercent * this.height);
yRegions.add(ytmp);
yRegions.add(ytmp + (int) (heightPercent * this.height));
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYRegionPoints(float y1Percent, float y2Percent) {
yRegions.add((int) (y1Percent * this.height));
yRegions.add((int) (y2Percent * this.height));
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYCenteredRegion(int height) {
int y = (int) ((this.height - height) / 2);
yRegions.add(y);
yRegions.add(y + height);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYCenteredRegion(float heightPercent) {
int height = (int) (heightPercent * this.height);
int y = (int) ((this.height - height) / 2);
yRegions.add(y);
yRegions.add(y + height);
return this;
}
public byte[] buildChunk() {
if (xRegions.size() == 0) {
xRegions.add(0);
xRegions.add(width);
}
if (yRegions.size() == 0) {
yRegions.add(0);
yRegions.add(height);
}
int NO_COLOR = 1;//0x00000001;
int COLOR_SIZE = 9;//could change, may be 2 or 6 or 15 - but has no effect on output
int arraySize = 1 + 2 + 4 + 1 + xRegions.size() + yRegions.size() + COLOR_SIZE;
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(arraySize * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
byteBuffer.put((byte) 1);//was translated
byteBuffer.put((byte) xRegions.size());//divisions x
byteBuffer.put((byte) yRegions.size());//divisions y
byteBuffer.put((byte) COLOR_SIZE);//color size
//skip
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
//padding -- always 0 -- left right top bottom
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
//skip
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
for (int rx : xRegions)
byteBuffer.putInt(rx); // regions left right left right ...
for (int ry : yRegions)
byteBuffer.putInt(ry);// regions top bottom top bottom ...
for (int i = 0; i < COLOR_SIZE; i++)
byteBuffer.putInt(NO_COLOR);
return byteBuffer.array();
}
public NinePatch buildNinePatch() {
byte[] chunk = buildChunk();
if (bitmap != null)
return new NinePatch(bitmap, chunk, null);
return null;
}
public NinePatchDrawable build() {
NinePatch ninePatch = buildNinePatch();
if (ninePatch != null)
return new NinePatchDrawable(resources, ninePatch);
return null;
}
}
复制代码
运行一下测试代码
mLlRoot = findViewById(R.id.ll_root);
try {
InputStream is = getAssets().open("sea.png");
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
NinePatchDrawable ninePatchDrawable = NinePatchHelper.buildMulti(this, bitmap);
TextView textView = new TextView(this);
textView.setTextSize(25);
textView.setPadding(20, 10, 20, 10);
textView.setText(strArray[i]);
textView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
layoutParams.leftMargin = 20;
layoutParams.rightMargin = 20;
textView.setLayoutParams(layoutParams);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
textView.setBackground(ninePatchDrawable);
}
mLlRoot.addView(textView);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
复制代码
能够看到,咱们的图片完美拉伸
你们若是以为不错的话,能够关注个人微信公众号程序员徐公