标签: javahtml
[TOC]java
#代理 代理是实现AOP(Aspect oriented program,面向编程)的核心和关键技术。git
代理是一种设计模式,其目的是为其余对象提供一个代理以控制对某个对象的访问,代理类负责为委托类预处理消息,过滤消息并转发消息以及进行消息被委托类执行后的后续处理。为了保持行为的一致性,代理类和委托类一般会实现相同的接口程序员
紫色箭头表明类的继承关系,红色连线表示调用关系github
API:编程
java.lang.reflect:Class Proxy java.lang.reflect:Interface InvocationHandler设计模式
package com.iot.proxy; import java.lang.reflect.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collection; /** * Created by brian on 2015/12/27. */ public class ProxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Class clazzProxy1 = Proxy.getProxyClass(Collection.class.getClassLoader(), Collection.class); System.out.println(clazzProxy1); printConstructors(clazzProxy1); printMethods(clazzProxy1); } /** * 打印构造方法列表 * @param clazz */ public static void printConstructors(Class clazz){ System.out.println("-------------constructors list-------------"); Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getConstructors(); System.out.print(getExecutableList(constructors)); } /** * 打印成员方法列表 * @param clazz */ public static void printMethods(Class clazz) { System.out.println("-------------methods list-------------"); Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods(); System.out.print(getExecutableList(methods)); } /** * 获取要打印的列表数据 * 每行一个方法,按照func(arg1,arg2)的格式 * @param executables * @return */ public static String getExecutableList(Executable[] executables){ StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); for (Executable executable : executables) { String name = executable.getName(); stringBuilder.append(name); stringBuilder.append("("); Class[] clazzParams = executable.getParameterTypes(); for (Class clazzParam : clazzParams) { stringBuilder.append(clazzParam.getName()).append(","); } if (clazzParams != null && clazzParams.length != 0) { stringBuilder.deleteCharAt(stringBuilder.length() - 1); } stringBuilder.append(")\n"); } return stringBuilder.toString(); } }
输出结果:api
class com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0 -------------constructors list------------- com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0(java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler) -------------methods list------------- add(java.lang.Object) remove(java.lang.Object) equals(java.lang.Object) toString() hashCode() clear() contains(java.lang.Object) isEmpty() iterator() size() toArray([Ljava.lang.Object;) toArray() spliterator() addAll(java.util.Collection) stream() forEach(java.util.function.Consumer) containsAll(java.util.Collection) removeAll(java.util.Collection) removeIf(java.util.function.Predicate) retainAll(java.util.Collection) parallelStream() isProxyClass(java.lang.Class) getInvocationHandler(java.lang.Object) getProxyClass(java.lang.ClassLoader,[Ljava.lang.Class;) newProxyInstance(java.lang.ClassLoader,[Ljava.lang.Class;,java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler) wait() wait(long,int) wait(long) getClass() notify() notifyAll()
/** * 测试建立实例对象 * @throws NoSuchMethodException * @throws IllegalAccessException * @throws InvocationTargetException * @throws InstantiationException */ private static void createProxyInstance( ) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException { /** * 方法1:先建立代理类,再使用反射建立实例对象 */ Class clazzProxy1 = Proxy.getProxyClass(Collection.class.getClassLoader(), Collection.class); Constructor constructor = clazzProxy1.getConstructor(InvocationHandler.class); Collection proxy1 = (Collection) constructor.newInstance(new InvocationHandler() { @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { return null; } }); /** * 方法2:直接使用newProxyInstance方法建立实例对象 */ Collection proxy2 = (Collection)Proxy.newProxyInstance( Collection.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{Collection.class}, new InvocationHandler() { ArrayList target = new ArrayList(); @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { //ArrayList targetTmp = new ArrayList(); System.out.println("before invoke method: "+method.getName()); return method.invoke(target,args); } }); proxy2.add("aaa"); proxy2.add("bbb"); System.out.println(proxy2.size()); System.out.println(proxy2); System.out.println(proxy2.getClass().getName()); }
输出结果:架构
before invoke method: add before invoke method: add before invoke method: size 2 before invoke method: toString [aaa, bbb] com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0
上述代码相关说明:oracle
若将method.invoke(target,args);
改成method.invoke(proxy,args);
会出现死循环
从输出结果可知,每次调用代理类的方法,实际都是调用invoke
方法
若将method.invoke(target,args);
改成method.invoke(targetTmp,args);
,则proxy2.size()
为0。由于每次调用invoke
方法时,targetTmp
为新的局部变量
Object
类只有的hashCode
, equals
, or toString
方法会被交到InvocationHandler
,其余方法本身有实现,不交给handler,因此最后打印结果为com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0
而不是Collection
InvocationHandler
对象的运行原理**
InvocationHandler
接口只有一个invoke
方法,每次调用代理类的方法,即调用了InvocationHandler
对象的invoke
方法
invoke
方法涉及三个要素:
注:Object类的hashCode
,equals
,toString
方法交给invoke,其余的Object类的方法,Proxy有本身的实现。
If a proxy interface contains a method with the same name and parameter signature as the hashCode, equals, or toString methods of java.lang.Object, when such a method is invoked on a proxy instance, the Method object passed to the invocation handler will have java.lang.Object as its declaring class. In other words, the public, non-final methods of java.lang.Object logically precede all of the proxy interfaces for the determination of which Method object to pass to the invocation handler.
代理类建立时须要传入一个InvocationHandler对象,client调用代理类,代理类的相应方法调用InvocationHandler的的invoke方法,InvocationHandler的的invoke方法(可在其中加入日志记录、时间统计等附加功能)再找目标类的相应方法。
把切面的代码以对象的形式传递给InvocationHandler的的invoke方法,invoke方法中执行该对象的方法就执行了切面的代码。
因此须要传递两个参数:
1.目标(Object target) 2.通知(自定义的adviser类)
定义Advice
接口
public interface Advice { void beforeMethod(Method method); void aftereMethod(Method method); }
一个实现Advice
接口的类MyAdvice
,用于打印执行方法前和执行后的时间
import java.lang.reflect.Method; public class MyAdvice implements Advice{ long beginTime = 0 ; @Override public void beforeMethod(Method method) { System.out.println(method.getName()+" before at "+beginTime); beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); } @Override public void aftereMethod(Method method) { long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println(method.getName()+" cost total "+ (endTime-beginTime)); } }
定义一个getProxy
方法建立实例对象,接收两个参数:目标和通知
private static Object getProxy(final Object target,final Advice advice){ Object proxy = Proxy.newProxyInstance( target.getClass().getClassLoader(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(), new InvocationHandler() { @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { advice.beforeMethod(method); Object retVal = method.invoke(target,args); advice.aftereMethod(method); return retVal; } } ); return proxy; }
调用:
Collection proxy3 = (Collection) getProxy(new ArrayList(),new MyAdvice()); proxy3.add("111"); proxy3.add("222"); System.out.println(proxy3.size());
输出:
add before at 0 add cost total 0 add before at 1454433980839 add cost total 0 size before at 1454433980839 size cost total 0 2