Babel是Javascript编译器,是种代码到代码的编译器,一般也叫作『转换编译器』。css
Babel的处理主要过程:解析(parse)、转换(transform)、生成(generate)。node
代码解析 词法分析和语法分析构造AST。react
代码转换 处理AST,处理工具、插件等就是在这个阶段进行代码转换,返回新的AST。git
代码生成 遍历AST,输出代码字符串。github
因此咱们须要对AST有必定了解才能进行Babel插件开发。json
在这整个过程当中,都是围绕着抽象语法树(AST)来进行的。在Javascritp中,AST,简单来讲,就是一个记录着代码语法结构的Object。感兴趣的同窗可到astexplorer.net/ 去深刻体验 好比下面的代码:数组
import {Button} from 'antd';
import Card from 'antd/button/lib/index.js';
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转换成AST后以下,babel
{
"type": "Program",
"start": 0,
"end": 253,
"body": [
{
"type": "ImportDeclaration",
"start": 179,
"end": 207,
"specifiers": [
{
"type": "ImportSpecifier",
"start": 187,
"end": 193,
"imported": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 187,
"end": 193,
"name": "Button"
},
"local": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 187,
"end": 193,
"name": "Button"
}
}
],
"source": {
"type": "Literal",
"start": 200,
"end": 206,
"value": "antd",
"raw": "'antd'"
}
},
{
"type": "ImportDeclaration",
"start": 209,
"end": 253,
"specifiers": [
{
"type": "ImportDefaultSpecifier",
"start": 216,
"end": 220,
"local": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 216,
"end": 220,
"name": "Card"
}
}
],
"source": {
"type": "Literal",
"start": 226,
"end": 252,
"value": "antd/button/lib/index.js",
"raw": "'antd/button/lib/index.js'"
}
}
],
"sourceType": "module"
}
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插件必须是一个函数,根据官方文档要求,形式以下:antd
module.exports = function ({ types: t }) {
return {
visitor: {
ImportDeclaration(path, source){
//todo
},
FunctionDeclaration(path, source){
//todo
},
}
}
}
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types来自@babel/types工具类,主要用途是在建立AST的过程当中判断各类语法的类型和节点构造。函数
不少同窗用过 babel-plugin-import ,它帮助咱们在使用一些JS类库是达到按需加载。其实,该插件帮助咱们作了以下代码转换:
//from
import {Button } from 'antd';
//to
import Button from 'antd/es/button';
import 'antd/es/button/style.css';
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咱们先看看二者的AST有何差异,以帮助咱们对转换有个清晰的认识:
转换前:
[{
"type": "ImportDeclaration",
"start": 6,
"end": 45,
"specifiers": [
{
"type": "ImportSpecifier",
"start": 14,
"end": 20,
"imported": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 14,
"end": 20,
"name": "Button"
},
"local": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 14,
"end": 20,
"name": "Button"
}
}
],
"source": {
"type": "Literal",
"start": 28,
"end": 44,
"value": "antd/es/button",
"raw": "'antd/es/button'"
}
}]
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转换后:
[{
"type": "ImportDeclaration",
"start": 5,
"end": 41,
"specifiers": [
{
"type": "ImportDefaultSpecifier",
"start": 12,
"end": 18,
"local": {
"type": "Identifier",
"start": 12,
"end": 18,
"name": "Button"
}
}
],
"source": {
"type": "Literal",
"start": 24,
"end": 40,
"value": "antd/es/button",
"raw": "'antd/es/button'"
}
},
{
"type": "ImportDeclaration",
"start": 46,
"end": 76,
"specifiers": [],
"source": {
"type": "Literal",
"start": 53,
"end": 75,
"value": "antd/es/button/style",
"raw": "'antd/es/button/style'"
}
}]
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对比两棵树,咱们应该有个大体的思路。在转换过程当中,咱们还须要一些参数,这些参数在配置文件(package.json或者.babelrc)中,提供了一些自定义配置,好比antd的按需加载:
["import",{libraryName:"antd",libraryDireactory:"es","style":"css"}]
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如今咱们开始尝试实现这个插件吧:
module.exports = function ({ types: t }) {
return {
visitor: {
ImportDeclaration(path, source) {
//取出参数
const { opts: { libraryName, libraryDirectory='lib', style="css" } } = source;
//拿到老的AST节点
let node = path.node
if(node.source.value !== libraryName){
return;
}
//建立一个数组存入新生成AST
let newImports = [];
//构造新节点
path.node.specifiers.forEach(item => {
newImports.push(t.importDeclaration([t.importDefaultSpecifier(item.local)], t.stringLiteral(`${libraryName}/${libraryDirectory}/${item.local.name}`)));
newImports.push(t.importDeclaration([], t.stringLiteral(`${libraryName}/${libraryDirectory}/style.${style}`)))
});
//替换原节点
path.replaceWithMultiple(newImports);
}
}
}
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}
如今,简单版本的@babel-plugin-import的babel插件咱们已经完成了。 若感兴趣了解更多内容,babel插件中文开发文档提供了不少详细资料。