Babel插件开发入门示例

Babel简介

Babel是Javascript编译器,是种代码到代码的编译器,一般也叫作『转换编译器』。css

Babel的工做过程

Babel的处理主要过程:解析(parse)、转换(transform)、生成(generate)。node

  • 代码解析 词法分析和语法分析构造AST。react

  • 代码转换 处理AST,处理工具、插件等就是在这个阶段进行代码转换,返回新的AST。git

  • 代码生成 遍历AST,输出代码字符串。github

    因此咱们须要对AST有必定了解才能进行Babel插件开发。json

AST

在这整个过程当中,都是围绕着抽象语法树(AST)来进行的。在Javascritp中,AST,简单来讲,就是一个记录着代码语法结构的Object。感兴趣的同窗可到astexplorer.net/ 去深刻体验 好比下面的代码:数组

import {Button} from 'antd';

import Card from 'antd/button/lib/index.js';
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转换成AST后以下,babel

{
  "type": "Program",
  "start": 0,
  "end": 253,
  "body": [
    {
      "type": "ImportDeclaration",
      "start": 179,
      "end": 207,
      "specifiers": [
        {
          "type": "ImportSpecifier",
          "start": 187,
          "end": 193,
          "imported": {
            "type": "Identifier",
            "start": 187,
            "end": 193,
            "name": "Button"
          },
          "local": {
            "type": "Identifier",
            "start": 187,
            "end": 193,
            "name": "Button"
          }
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "type": "Literal",
        "start": 200,
        "end": 206,
        "value": "antd",
        "raw": "'antd'"
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "ImportDeclaration",
      "start": 209,
      "end": 253,
      "specifiers": [
        {
          "type": "ImportDefaultSpecifier",
          "start": 216,
          "end": 220,
          "local": {
            "type": "Identifier",
            "start": 216,
            "end": 220,
            "name": "Card"
          }
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "type": "Literal",
        "start": 226,
        "end": 252,
        "value": "antd/button/lib/index.js",
        "raw": "'antd/button/lib/index.js'"
      }
    }
  ],
  "sourceType": "module"
}
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插件开发思路

  • 肯定咱们须要处理的节点类型
  • 处理节点
  • 返回新的节点

简单插件结构

插件必须是一个函数,根据官方文档要求,形式以下:antd

module.exports = function ({ types: t }) {
    return {
        visitor: {
            ImportDeclaration(path, source){
                //todo
            },
            FunctionDeclaration(path, source){
                //todo
            },
        }    
    }
}
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types来自@babel/types工具类,主要用途是在建立AST的过程当中判断各类语法的类型和节点构造。函数

实现示例

不少同窗用过 babel-plugin-import ,它帮助咱们在使用一些JS类库是达到按需加载。其实,该插件帮助咱们作了以下代码转换:

//from
import {Button } from 'antd';

//to
import Button from 'antd/es/button';
import 'antd/es/button/style.css'; 
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咱们先看看二者的AST有何差异,以帮助咱们对转换有个清晰的认识:

转换前:

[{
      "type": "ImportDeclaration",
      "start": 6,
      "end": 45,
      "specifiers": [
        {
          "type": "ImportSpecifier",
          "start": 14,
          "end": 20,
          "imported": {
            "type": "Identifier",
            "start": 14,
            "end": 20,
            "name": "Button"
          },
          "local": {
            "type": "Identifier",
            "start": 14,
            "end": 20,
            "name": "Button"
          }
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "type": "Literal",
        "start": 28,
        "end": 44,
        "value": "antd/es/button",
        "raw": "'antd/es/button'"
      }
    }]
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转换后:

[{
  "type": "ImportDeclaration",
  "start": 5,
  "end": 41,
  "specifiers": [
    {
      "type": "ImportDefaultSpecifier",
      "start": 12,
      "end": 18,
      "local": {
        "type": "Identifier",
        "start": 12,
        "end": 18,
        "name": "Button"
      }
    }
  ],
  "source": {
    "type": "Literal",
    "start": 24,
    "end": 40,
    "value": "antd/es/button",
    "raw": "'antd/es/button'"
  }
},
{
  "type": "ImportDeclaration",
  "start": 46,
  "end": 76,
  "specifiers": [],
  "source": {
    "type": "Literal",
    "start": 53,
    "end": 75,
    "value": "antd/es/button/style",
    "raw": "'antd/es/button/style'"
  }
}]
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对比两棵树,咱们应该有个大体的思路。在转换过程当中,咱们还须要一些参数,这些参数在配置文件(package.json或者.babelrc)中,提供了一些自定义配置,好比antd的按需加载:

["import",{libraryName:"antd",libraryDireactory:"es","style":"css"}]
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如今咱们开始尝试实现这个插件吧:

module.exports = function ({ types: t }) {
return {
    visitor: {
        ImportDeclaration(path, source) {
            
            //取出参数
            const { opts: { libraryName, libraryDirectory='lib', style="css" } } = source;
            //拿到老的AST节点
            let node = path.node

            if(node.source.value !== libraryName){
                return;
            }
            //建立一个数组存入新生成AST
            let newImports = [];
            //构造新节点
            path.node.specifiers.forEach(item => {
                newImports.push(t.importDeclaration([t.importDefaultSpecifier(item.local)], t.stringLiteral(`${libraryName}/${libraryDirectory}/${item.local.name}`)));
                newImports.push(t.importDeclaration([], t.stringLiteral(`${libraryName}/${libraryDirectory}/style.${style}`)))
            });
            //替换原节点
            path.replaceWithMultiple(newImports);                
        }
    }
}
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}

如今,简单版本的@babel-plugin-import的babel插件咱们已经完成了。 若感兴趣了解更多内容,babel插件中文开发文档提供了不少详细资料。

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