1 ORACLE 迁移到 PG

1.1 使用ora2pg 工具

1.1.1 ora2pg简介

Ora2Pg是一个免费的工具，用于将Oracle数据库迁移到PostgreSQL兼容的模式。它链接您的Oracle数据库，自动扫描并提取它的结构或数据，而后生成能够装载到PostgreSQL数据库的SQL脚本。Ora2Pg能够从逆向工程Oracle数据库到大型企业数据库迁移，或者简单地将一些Oracle数据复制到PostgreSQL数据库中。它很是容易使用，而且不须要任何Oracle数据库知识，而不须要提供链接到Oracle数据库所需的参数。linux

Ora2Pg 由一个 Perl 脚本（ora2pg）以及一个 Perl 模块（Ora2Pg.pm）组成，惟一须要作的事情就是修改它的配置文件 ora2pg.conf，设置链接 Oracle 数据库的 DSN 和一个可选的模式名称。完成以后，只须要设置导出的类型：TABLE（包括约束）、VIEW、MVIEW、TABLESPACE、SEQUENCE、INDEXES、TRIGGER、GRANT、FUNCTION、PROCEDURE、PACKAGE、PARTITION、TYPE、INSERT 或 COPY、FDW、QUERY、KETTLE 以及 SYNONYM。sql

默认状况下，Ora2Pg 导出一个文件，能够经过 psql 客户端将文件加载到 PostgreSQL 数据库；可是也能够在配置文件中设置一个数据库的 DSN，直接导入 PostgreSQL 数据库。经过 ora2pg.conf 中的配置选项，能够控制导出的内容和方式。shell

对象数据库	ora2pg是否支持bash
viewsession	是oracle
triggerapp	是，某些状况下须要手工修改脚本dom
package数据库设计	是，某些状况下须要手工修改脚本
sequence	是
function	是
procedure	是，某些状况下须要手工修改脚本
type	是，某些状况下须要手工修改脚本
materialized view	是，某些状况下须要手工修改脚本

1.1.2 环境描述

本实验以ORACLE 11.2.0.3 on LINUX sample 数据为例，迁移psql (11.2) on LINUX .

内容	源端	目标端
IP	10.85.10.6	10.85.10.5
数据库	oracle 11.2.3	postgres 11.2
实例名	PROD1	orcl
操做系统	redhat 5.4	redhat 7.4
迁移数据	SH SCOTT HR	SH SCOTT HR

1.1.3 依赖环境安装

perl版本5.10以上

[root@test01 ~]# yum install -y perl perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker [root@test01 ~]# perl -v This is perl 5, version 16, subversion 3 (v5.16.3) built for x86_64-linux-thread-multi (with 33 registered patches, see perl -V for more detail) Copyright 1987-2012, Larry Wall Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit. Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl". If you have access to the Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page.

安装oracle 客户端

1.下载所需的Instant Client RPM软件包。全部安装都须要基本或基本轻型RPM。

2.安装包yum。请注意，从19.3开始，默认状况下，一次只能安装一个版本的Instant Client RPM库。

 [root@test01 soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm [root@test01 soft]#rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-devel-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm [root@test01 soft]#rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-jdbc-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm [root@test01 soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

3.在19.3以前，若是Instant Client是此系统上安装的惟一Oracle软件，则更新运行时连接路径，例如：

[root@test01 bin]# echo /usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle-instantclient.conf

使用ldconfig旧版本的替代方法是LD_LIBRARY_PATH在运行应用程序以前在每一个shell中设置环境变量。例如：

[root@test01 bin]# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/bin:$PATH

安装DBI

下载地址：https://metacpan.org/release/DBI

 # tar -zxvf DBI-1.642.tar.gz # cd DBI-1.642 # perl Makefile.PL # make # make install

安装DBD-Oracle

下载地址：https://sourceforge.net/projects/ora2pg/

设置环境变量; 加载环境变量;由于必须定义ORACLE_HOME环境变量;本例在postgres用户下配置环境变量

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64 # tar -zxvf DBD-Oracle-1.76.tar.gz # source /home/postgres/.bashrc # cd DBD-Oracle-1.76 # perl Makefile.PL # make # make install

安装DBD-PG(可选)

下载地址：https://metacpan.org/release/DBD-Pg/

设置环境变量：

export POSTGRES_HOME=/opt/pgsql/11.2 # tar -zxvf DBD-Pg-3.80.tar.gz # source /home/postgres/.bashrc # cd DBD-Pg-3.8.0 # perl Makefile.PL # make # make install

1.1.4 安装Ora2pg

下载地址：https://sourceforge.net/projects/ora2pg/

[root@Test01 ~]# tar -xjf  ora2pg-20.0.tar.bz2 [root@Test01 ~]# cd ora2pg-xx/ [root@Test01 ~]# perl Makefile.PL  PREFIX=<your_install_dir> [root@Test01 ora2pg-18.2]# make && make install

默认安装在/usr/local/bin/目录下

检查软件环境：

[root@Test01 ~]# vi check.pl #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use ExtUtils::Installed; my $inst= ExtUtils::Installed->new(); my @modules = $inst->modules(); foreach(@modules) { my $ver = $inst->version($_) || "???"; printf("%-12s -- %s\n", $_, $ver); } exit; [root@test01 bin]# perl check.pl DBD::Oracle --  1.76 DBD::Pg --  3.8.0 DBI --  1.642 Ora2Pg --  20.0 Perl --  5.16.3

设置环境变量

export PERL5LIB=<your_install_dir> #export PERL5LIB=/usr/local/bin/

1.1.5 源端准备工做

更新oracle统计信息提升性能

BEGIN DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS('SH'); DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS('SCOTT'); DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS('HR'); DBMS_STATS.GATHER_DATABASE_STATS ; DBMS_STATS.GATHER_DICTIONARY_STATS; END;
/

查询源端对像对类型

SYS@PROD1>set pagesize 200 SYS@PROD1>select distinct OBJECT_TYPE from  dba_objects where OWNER in ('SH','SCOTT','HR') ; OBJECT_TYPE ------------------- INDEX PARTITION TABLE PARTITION SEQUENCE PROCEDURE LOB X TRIGGER DIMENSION X MATERIALIZED VIEW TABLE INDEX VIEW 11 rows selected.

1.1.6 ora2pg导出表结构

配置ora2pg.conf:

默认状况下，Ora2Pg会查找/etc/ora2pg/ora2pg.conf配置文件，若是文件存在，您只需执行：/usr/local/bin/ora2pg

cat /etc/ora2pg/ora2pg.conf.dist  | grep -v ^# |grep -v ^$ >ora2pg.conf vi ora2pg.conf [root@test01 ora2pg]# cat ora2pg.conf ORACLE_HOME /usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64 ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=10.85.10.6 ;sid=PROD1;port=1521 ORACLE_USER system ORACLE_PWD oracle SCHEMA SH EXPORT_SCHEMA 1         # 将用户导入到PostgreSQL数据库中 DISABLE_UNLOGGED  1 #避免将NOLOGGING属性设为UNLOGGED SKIP fkeys ukeys checks #跳过外键 惟一 和检查约束 TYPE TABLE,VIEW,GRANT,SEQUENCE,TABLESPACE,PROCEDURE,TRIGGER,FUNCTION,PACKAGE,PARTITION,TYPE,MVIEW,QUERY,DBLINK,SYNONYM,DIRECTORY,TEST,TEST_VIEW NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT sh.sql

注：1. 只能同时执行一种类型的导出，所以TYPE指令必须是惟一的。若是您有多个，则只会在文件中找到最后一个。但我测试就能够同时导出多个类型的。

2. 请注意，您能够经过向TYPE指令提供以逗号分隔的导出类型列表来连接多个导出，但在这种状况下，您不能将COPY或INSERT与其余导出类型一块儿使用。

3. 某些导出类型不能或不该该直接加载到PostgreSQL数据库中，仍然须要不多的手动编辑。GRANT，TABLESPACE，TRIGGER，FUNCTION，PROCEDURE，TYPE，QUERY和PACKAGE导出类型就是这种状况，特别是若是您有PLSQL代码或Oracle特定SQL。

4.对于TABLESPACE，您必须确保系统上存在文件路径，对于SYNONYM，您能够确保对象的全部者和模式对应于新的PostgreSQL数据库设计。

5. 建议导出表结构时，一个类型一个类型的操做，避免其它错误相互影响。

测试链接

设置Oracle数据库DSN后，您能够执行ora2pg以查看它是否有效：

[root@test01 ora2pg]#  ora2pg -t SHOW_VERSION -c config/ora2pg.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0

迁移成本评估

估算从Oracle到PostgreSQL的迁移过程的成本并不容易。为了得到对此迁移成本的良好评估，Ora2Pg将检查全部数据库对象，全部函数和存储过程，以检测是否仍有一些对象和PL / SQL代码没法由Ora2Pg自动转换。

Ora2Pg具备内容分析模式，该模式检查Oracle数据库以生成有关Oracle数据库包含的内容和没法导出的内容的文本报告。

[root@test01 ora2pg]# ora2pg -t SHOW_REPORT --estimate_cost  -c ora2pg.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 [========================>] 11/11 tables (100.0%) end of scanning. [========================>] 11/11 objects types (100.0%) end of objects auditing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ora2Pg v20.0 - Database Migration Report ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Version Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 Schema SH Size 287.25 MB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Object Number Invalid Estimated cost Comments Details ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATABASE LINK 0       0       0       Database links will be exported as SQL/MED PostgreSQL's Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) extensions using oracle_fdw.
 DIMENSION 5       0       0 GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE 0       0       0 Global temporary table are not supported by PostgreSQL and will not be exported. You will have to rewrite some application code to match the PostgreSQL temporary table behavior. INDEX 20      0       3.4     14 index(es) are concerned by the export, others are automatically generated and will do so on PostgreSQL. Bitmap will be exported as btree_gin index(es) and hash index(es) will be exported as b-tree index(es) if any. Domain index are exported as b-tree but commented to be edited to mainly use FTS. Cluster, bitmap join and IOT indexes will not be exported at all. Reverse indexes are not exported too, you may use a trigram-based index (see pg_trgm) or a reverse() function based index and search. Use 'varchar_pattern_ops', 'text_pattern_ops' or 'bpchar_pattern_ops' operators in your indexes to improve search with the LIKE operator respectively into varchar, text or char columns.      11 bitmap index(es). 1 domain index(es). 2 b-tree index(es). INDEX PARTITION 196     0       0       Only local indexes partition are exported, they are build on the column used for the partitioning. JOB 0       0       0       Job are not exported. You may set external cron job with them. MATERIALIZED VIEW 2       0       6       All materialized view will be exported as snapshot materialized views, they are only updated when fully refreshed. SYNONYM 0       0       0       SYNONYMs will be exported as views. SYNONYMs do not exists with PostgreSQL but a common workaround is to use views or set the PostgreSQL search_path in your session to access object outside the current schema. TABLE 11      0       1.1     1 external table(s) will be exported as standard table. See EXTERNAL_TO_FDW configuration directive to export as file_fdw foreign tables or use COPY in your code if you just want to load data from external files.     Total number of rows: 1063384. Top 10 of tables sorted by number of rows:. sales has 918843 rows. costs has 82112 rows. customers has 55500 rows. supplementary_demographics has 4500 rows. times has 1826 rows. promotions has 503 rows. products has 72 rows. countries has 23 rows. channels has 5 rows. sales_transactions_ext has 0 rows. Top 10 of largest tables:. TABLE PARTITION 56      0       5.6     Partitions are exported using table inheritance and check constraint. Hash and Key partitions are not supported by PostgreSQL and will not be exported.  56 RANGE partitions.. VIEW 1       0       1 Views are fully supported but can use specific functions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 291     0       17.10   17.10 cost migration units means approximatively 1 man-day(s). The migration unit was set to 5 minute(s) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Migration level : A-1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Migration levels: A - Migration that might be run automatically B - Migration with code rewrite and a human-days cost up to 5 days C - Migration with code rewrite and a human-days cost above 5 days Technical levels: 1 = trivial: no stored functions and no triggers 2 = easy: no stored functions but with triggers, no manual rewriting 3 = simple: stored functions and/or triggers, no manual rewriting 4 = manual: no stored functions but with triggers or views with code rewriting 5 = difficult: stored functions and/or triggers with code rewriting -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

导出SH表构

[root@test01 ora2pg]#  ora2pg  -c ora2pg.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 [========================>] 11/11 tables (100.0%) end of scanning. [========================>] 12/12 tables (100.0%) end of table export. [========================>] 1/1 views (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 sequences (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 procedures (100.0%) end of procedures export. [========================>] 0/0 triggers (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 functions (100.0%) end of functions export. [========================>] 0/0 packages (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 56/56 partitions (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 types (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 2/2 materialized views (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 dblink (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 synonyms (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 2/2 directory (100.0%) end of output. Fixing function calls in output files....

导出SH用户数据

配置ora2pg.conf 的TYPE 为COPY 或 INSERT

[root@test01 ora2pg]# cp ora2pg.conf sh_data.conf [root@test01 ora2pg]# vi sh_data.conf ORACLE_HOME /usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64 ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=10.85.10.6 ;sid=PROD1;port=1521 ORACLE_USER system ORACLE_PWD oracle SCHEMA SH EXPORT_SCHEMA 1 DISABLE_UNLOGGED 1 SKIP fkeys ukeys checks TYPE COPY NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT sh_data.sql

导出数据

[root@test01 ora2pg]# ora2pg  -c sh_data.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 [========================>] 11/11 tables (100.0%) end of scanning. [========================>] 5/5 rows (100.0%) Table CHANNELS (5 recs/sec) [>                        ]       5/1063384 total rows (0.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 5 recs/sec). [>                        ]     0/82112 rows (0.0%) Table COSTS_1995 (0 recs/sec) [>                        ]       5/1063384 total rows (0.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 5 recs/sec). [>                        ]     0/82112 rows (0.0%) Table COSTS_H1_1997 (0 recs/sec) [>                        ]       5/1063384 total rows (0.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 5 recs/sec). [>                        ]     0/82112 rows (0.0%) Table COSTS_1996 (0 recs/sec) [>                        ]       5/1063384 total rows (0.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 5 recs/sec). …………………………………………………………… [========================>] 4500/4500 rows (100.0%) Table SUPPLEMENTARY_DEMOGRAPHICS (4500 recs/sec) [=======================> ] 1061558/1063384 total rows (99.8%) - (45 sec., avg: 23590 recs/sec). [========================>] 1826/1826 rows (100.0%) Table TIMES (1826 recs/sec) [========================>] 1063384/1063384 total rows (100.0%) - (45 sec., avg: 23630 recs/sec). [========================>] 1063384/1063384 rows (100.0%) on total estimated data (45 sec., avg: 23630 recs/sec) Fixing function calls in output files...

查看导出的文件：

[root@test01 ora2pg]# ls -lrt *.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15716 Jul  2 21:21 TABLE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   858 Jul  2 21:21 VIEW_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2026 Jul  2 21:21 TABLESPACE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   345 Jul  2 21:21 SEQUENCE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2382 Jul  2 21:21 GRANT_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   344 Jul  2 21:21 TRIGGER_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   346 Jul  2 21:21 PROCEDURE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   344 Jul  2 21:21 PACKAGE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   345 Jul  2 21:21 FUNCTION_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  6771 Jul  2 21:21 PARTITION_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   341 Jul  2 21:21 TYPE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   342 Jul  2 21:21 QUERY_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   950 Jul  2 21:21 MVIEW_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   344 Jul  2 21:21 SYNONYM_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   926 Jul  2 21:21 DIRECTORY_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   343 Jul  2 21:21 DBLINK_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 55281235 Jul  2 17:11 sh_data.sql

以一样的方法分别导出HR,SCOTT 用户数据。

1.1.7 在PG环境中建立orcl库

建立ORCL 数据库

[root@test01 ~]# su - postgres Last login: Tue Jul 2 20:04:30 CST 2019 on pts/3 [postgres@test01 ~]$ createdb orcl [postgres@test01 ~]$ psql psql (11.2) Type "help" for help. postgres=# \l List of databases Name |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collate   |   Ctype    | Access privileges -----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+----------------------- orcl | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | pgdb | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | postgres | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres          +

           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc/postgres template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres          +

           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc/postgres (5 rows) postgres=#

建立SH,HR,SCOTT 用户：

[postgres@test01 ~]$ psql orcl psql (11.2) Type "help" for help. orcl=# orcl=# create user sh with password 'sh'; CREATE ROLE

1.1.8 导入表结构

注意：因为有物化视图，在TABLE_sh.sql 里包含了物化视图的索引，会建立失败。需先建立表，在建立物化视图，最后建立索引。

取消物化视图索引，后面单首创建：

CREATE INDEX fw_psc_s_mv_chan_bix ON fweek_pscat_sales_mv (channel_id); CREATE INDEX fw_psc_s_mv_promo_bix ON fweek_pscat_sales_mv (promo_id); CREATE INDEX fw_psc_s_mv_subcat_bix ON fweek_pscat_sales_mv (prod_subcategory); CREATE INDEX fw_psc_s_mv_wd_bix ON fweek_pscat_sales_mv (week_ending_day); 取消 tab.sql 中的文本搜索内容 CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION en (COPY = pg_catalog.english); ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION en ALTER MAPPING FOR hword, hword_part, word WITH unaccent, english_stem;

导入表结构

psql orcl  -f tab.sql.sql ALTER TABLE PARTITION sh.sales OWNER TO sh; COMMENT COMMENT COMMENT COMMENT COMMENT COMMENT COMMENT ALTER TABLE ALTER TABLE ALTER TABLE ………………………………

给对象受权:

cat psql orcl  -f GRANT_sh.sql 因为用户已存在须要取消这行 CREATE USER SH WITH PASSWORD 'change_my_secret' LOGIN; 因为物化视图没有建立,需提取出来,后面单独受权 ALTER TABLE sh.fweek_pscat_sales_mv OWNER TO sh; GRANT ALL ON sh.fweek_pscat_sales_mv TO sh;

导入物化视图结构:

物化视图须要相关查询权限,因此导入权限,注意这里要跟上用户

[postgres@test01 ora2pg]$  psql orcl sh -f MVIEW_sh.sql SELECT 0 SELECT 0 CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX

导入视图：

[postgres@test01 ora2pg]$  psql orcl  -f VIEW_sh.sql SET SET SET CREATE VIEW

导入分区表：

[postgres@test01 ora2pg]$  psql orcl  -f PARTITION_sh.sql SET SET SET CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE …………………………

导入数据：

[postgres@test01 ora2pg]$  psql orcl   -f sh_data.sql SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 4500 SET COPY 1826 COMMIT

1.1.9 数据验证

源库,目标端抽取部份对象对比：

SYS@PROD1>select count(*) from sh.products; COUNT(*) ----------

        72 orcl=#  select count(*) from sh.products; count -------

    72 (1 row) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS@PROD1>select count(*) from sh.channels; COUNT(*) ----------

         5 orcl=#   select count(*) from sh.channels; count -------

     5 (1 row) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS@PROD1>select count(*) from sh.customers ; COUNT(*) ----------

     55500 orcl=# select count(*) from sh.customers ; count -------

 55500 (1 row)

1.1.10 生成迁移模板

使用时，两个选项--project_base和--init_project向ora2pg代表他必须建立一个项目模板，其中包含工做树，配置文件和从Oracle数据库导出全部对象的脚本。生成通用配置文件。 1.建立脚本export_schema.sh以自动执行全部导出。2.建立脚本import_all.sh以自动执行全部导入。例：

mkdir -p  /ora2pg/migration [root@test01 ora2pg-20.0]# ora2pg --project_base /ora2pg/migration/ --init_project test_project Creating project test_project. /ora2pg/migration//test_project/
 schema/ dblinks/ directories/ functions/ grants/ mviews/ packages/ partitions/ procedures/ sequences/ synonyms/ tables/ tablespaces/ triggers/ types/ views/ sources/ functions/ mviews/ packages/ partitions/ procedures/ triggers/ types/ views/ data/ config/ reports/ Generating generic configuration file Creating script export_schema.sh to automate all exports. Creating script import_all.sh to automate all imports.

1.1.11 Ora2pg 小结

在测试过程当中，出现较多问题就是表的关联问题和主外键问题。表结构的导入以及数据的导入，都须要按关联顺序进行操做。感受比较适合对象少，关联少的环境操做，或者不导入主外键。

在建立受权的时候,最好是直接内容直接在pgsql 窗口执行。这样有个别报错，也会继续执行后面的受权。而后在最后建立好全部对像后在单独执行失败的受权。

ORACLE 迁移到 PG 之 ora2pg