运算符重载——重载+和-对复数类对象进行加减运算

1.题目：

Problem Description

定义一个复数类，该类包含两个double型的数据成员表明复数的实部和虚部，包含构造函数（默认值为0,0），和显示函数，现重载运算符+和-，使其能对复数类对象进行加和减运算。在主函数中进行测试

Input

输入数据有多行，每行包括4个数，前两个表明参与运算的第一个复数对象的实部和虚部，后两个表明第二个复数对象的实部和虚部。

Output

输出多行，每行包括了加和减运算后的结果。
复数按a+bi或a-bi格式显示，按数学课本中的要求显示。

Sample Input

100 20 -10 18
2 2 2 4

Sample Output

90+38i 110+2i
4+6i -2i

2.想法：

       这道题目主要是要考虑输出时的集中特殊状况，有实部和虚部都为0，还有虚部为1，-1，整数，负数的状况。静下心来其实不难的。

 

3.参考代码一：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex
{
private:
    double real, image;
public:
    Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0);
    Complex operator+(Complex&);
    Complex operator-(Complex&);
    void show();
};

Complex::Complex(double r, double i)
{
    real = r;
    image = i;
}

Complex Complex::operator+(Complex& c)
{
    Complex x;
    x.real = real + c.real;
    x.image = image + c.image;
    return x;
}

Complex Complex::operator-(Complex& c)
{
    Complex x;
    x.real = real - c.real;
    x.image = image - c.image;
    return x;
}

void Complex::show()
{
    if (real == 0) {
        if (image == 0)
            cout << 0;
        else if (image == 1)
            cout << "i";
        else if (image == -1)
            cout << "-i";
        else if (image > 0)
            cout << image << "i";
        else if (image < 0)
            cout << image << "i";
    } else {
        if (image == 0)
            cout << real;
        else if (image == 1)
            cout << real << "+i";
        else if (image == -1)
            cout << real << "-i";
        else if (image > 0)
            cout << real << "+" << image << "i";
        else if (image < 0)
            cout << real << image << "i";
    }
}

int main()
{
    double a, b, c, d;

    while (cin >> a >> b >> c >> d) {
        Complex x(a, b), y(c, d), z, w;
        z = x + y;
        z.show();
        cout << " ";
        w = x - y;
        w.show();
        cout << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

 

 

参考代码二：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex
{

private:
    double real, image;

public:
    Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0);
    Complex& operator+(Complex&);
    Complex& operator-(Complex&);
    void show();

};

Complex::Complex(double r, double i)
{
    real = r;
    image = i;
}

Complex& Complex::operator+(Complex& c)
{
    Complex x;
    x.real = real + c.real;
    x.image = image + c.image;
    return x;
}

Complex& Complex::operator-(Complex& c)
{
    Complex x;
    x.real = real - c.real;
    x.image = image - c.image;
    return x;
}

void Complex::show()
{
    if (image == 0) {
        if (real == 0)
            cout << "0";
        else
            cout << real;
    } else if (image == 1) {
        if (real == 0)
            cout << "i";
        else
            cout << real << "+i";
    } else if (image == -1) {
        if (real == 0)
            cout << "-i";
        else
            cout << real << "-i";
    } else {
        if (real == 0)
            cout << image << "i";
        else {
            if (image > 0)
                cout << real << "+" << image << "i";
            else
                cout << real << image << "i";
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    double a, b, c, d;

    while (cin >> a >> b >> c >> d) {
        Complex x(a, b), y(c, d), z, w;

        z = x + y;
        z.show();
        cout << " ";

        w = x - y;
        w.show();
        cout << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}