Nginx的https配置记录以及http强制跳转到https的方法梳理

1、Nginx安装（略）
安装的时候须要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module，由于http_ssl_module不属于Nginx的基本模块。
Nginx安装方法：

1 2	# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module # make && make install

2、生成证书(略)
可使用openssl生成证书：
可参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5865501.html
好比生成以下两个证书文件（假设存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/）：
wangshibo.crt
wangshibo.key

3、修改Nginx配置
server {
          listen 443;
          server_name www.wangshibo.com;
          root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;

          ssl on;
          ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;
          ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;
          ssl_session_timeout 5m;
          ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
          ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;                                            //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
          ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

          access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
          error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;

         if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) {           //对访问的来源ip作白名单限制
                rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
         }

         location ~ \.php$ {
              fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
              fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
              fastcgi_index index.php;
              fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
             #include fastcgi_params;
             include fastcgi.conf;
         }
}

---------------------------------http访问强制跳转到https---------------------------------
网站添加了https证书后，当http方式访问网站时就会报404错误，因此须要作http到https的强制跳转设置.

---------------1、采用nginx的rewrite方法---------------------

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1) 下面是将全部的http请求经过rewrite重写到https上。     例如将全部的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。     下面配置都可以实现：   配置1： server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;        //这是ngixn早前的写法，如今还可使用。        location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }   ------------------------------------------------------- 上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent; 也能够改成下面 rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent; 或者 rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent; -------------------------------------------------------   配置2： server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;       return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      //这是nginx最新支持的写法        location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }     配置3：这种方式适用于多域名的时候，即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面 server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {     rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;     }        location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }     配置4：下面是最简单的一种配置 server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {        rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;     }       location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }

---------------2、采用nginx的497状态码---------------------

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497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS  解释：当网站只容许https访问时，当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码    思路： 利用error_page命令将497状态码的连接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com这个域名上   配置实例： 以下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到https server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args;         location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }     也能够将80和443的配置放在一块儿： server {      listen       127.0.0.1:443;  #ssl端口      listen       127.0.0.1:80;   #用户习惯用http访问，加上80，后面经过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口      server_name  dev.wangshibo.com;      #为一个server{......}开启ssl支持      ssl                  on;      #指定PEM格式的证书文件       ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;       #指定PEM格式的私钥文件      ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key;              #让http请求重定向到https请求       error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args;        location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }

---------------3、利用meta的刷新做用将http跳转到https---------------------

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上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源，能够借鉴百度使用的方法：巧妙的利用meta的刷新做用，将http跳转到https 能够基于http://dev.wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html，内容就是http向https的跳转   将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内 [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html <html>  <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/">  </html>   [root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf server {     listen 80;     server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;         access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;     error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;           #将404的页面重定向到https的首页      error_page  404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;          location ~ / {     root /var/www/html/8080;              index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }

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下面是nginx反代tomcat，而且http强制跳转至https。
访问http://zrx.wangshibo.com和访问http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/结果是同样的

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[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf server {     listen 80;     server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;     index index.html index.php index.htm;          access_log  logs/access.log;     error_log   logs/error.log;        return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;                location ~ / {     root /data/nginx/html;     index index.html index.php index.htm;     }     }     [root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf upstream tomcat8 {     server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; }   server {    listen 443;    server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;    ssl on;      ### SSL log files ###    access_log logs/ssl-access.log;    error_log logs/ssl-error.log;   ### SSL cert files ###    ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;         ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;      ssl_session_timeout 5m;      location / {    proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;                                         proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;    proxy_set_header Host $host;    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;    proxy_redirect off; } }

---------------4、经过proxy_redirec方式---------------------

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解决办法： # re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home proxy_redirect http:// https://;