python 限制函数执行时间 代码实现

# coding=utf-8
import signal
import time


def set_timeout(num, callback):
def wrap(func):
def handle(signum, frame): # 收到信号 SIGALRM 后的回调函数,第一个参数是信号的数字,第二个参数是the interrupted stack frame.
raise RuntimeError

def to_do(*args, **kwargs):
try:
signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, handle) # 设置信号和回调函数
signal.alarm(num) # 设置 num 秒的闹钟
print('start alarm signal.')
r = func(*args, **kwargs)
print('close alarm signal.')
signal.alarm(0) # 关闭闹钟
return r
except RuntimeError as e:
callback()

return to_do

return wrap


if __name__ == '__main__':
def after_timeout(): # 超时后的处理函数
print("do something after timeout.")


@set_timeout(2, after_timeout) # 限时 2 秒
def connect(): # 要执行的函数
time.sleep(1) # 函数执行时间,写大于2的值,可测试超时
return 'connect success.'


print(connect())

注意事项:
  

  电脑系统是win10 64位,在使用python的signal模块时报错:“AttributeError: module 'signal' has no attribute 'SIGALRM'”,这是由于signal模块能够在linux下正常使用,但在windows下却有一些限制,在python文档https://docs.python.org/2/library/signal.html#signal.signal找到了以下解释:html

"On Windows, signal() can only be called with SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGINT, SIGSEGV, or SIGTERM. A ValueError will be raised in any other case."python

也就是说在windows下只能使用这几个信号:linux

  SIGABRT
  SIGFPE
  SIGILL
  SIGINT
  SIGSEGV
  SIGTERM

windows

 

也可经过线程的方式 设置超时 ,主线程设置超时时间 , 杀死子线程api

import timefrom threading import Threadimport inspectimport ctypesdef _async_raise(tid, exctype):    """raises the exception, performs cleanup if needed"""    tid = ctypes.c_long(tid)    if not inspect.isclass(exctype):        exctype = type(exctype)    res = ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(tid, ctypes.py_object(exctype))    if res == 0:        raise ValueError("invalid thread id")    elif res != 1:        # """if it returns a number greater than one, you're in trouble,        # and you should call it again with exc=NULL to revert the effect"""        ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(tid, None)        raise SystemError("PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc failed")def stop_thread(thread):    _async_raise(thread.ident, SystemExit)def to_do():    print('子线程开始了')    time.sleep(50)    print('结束了')if __name__ == '__main__':    t = Thread(target=to_do)    t.start()    stop_thread(t)    print('主线程结束')下面这种方案 ,缺陷是,设置好超时后,子线程结束,主线程也不会中止,有可能会下降效率能够将stop_thread(t)  换为    t.join( num  秒 )  来控制  超时kill  
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