ASP.NET Core WebApi版本控制

前言:

 在平常项目开发中,随着项目需求不断的累加、不断的迭代;项目服务接口须要向下兼容历史版本;前些时候就由于Api接口为作版本管理致使接口对低版本兼容处理不友好。git

 最近就像了解下如何实现WebApi版本控制,那么版本控制有什么好处呢?github

 WebApi版本控制的好处

  • 有助于及时推出功能, 而不会破坏现有系统,兼容性处理更友好。
  • 它还能够帮助为选定的客户提供额外的功能。

 接下来就来实现版本控制以及在Swagger UI中接入WebApi版本web

1、WebApi版本控制实现

  经过Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning 实现webapi 版本控制

  • 建立WebApi项目,添加Nuget包:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning 
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning 
  • 修改项目Startup文件,使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning 
public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }
    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        //根据须要设置,如下内容
        services.AddApiVersioning(apiOtions =>
        {
            //返回响应标头中支持的版本信息
            apiOtions.ReportApiVersions = true;
            //此选项将用于不提供版本的请求。默认状况下, 假定的 API 版本为1.0
            apiOtions.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true;
            //缺省api版本号,支持时间或数字版本号
            apiOtions.DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion(1, 0);
            //支持MediaType、Header、QueryString 设置版本号;缺省为QueryString、UrlSegment设置版本号;后面会详细说明对于做用
            apiOtions.ApiVersionReader = ApiVersionReader.Combine(
                new MediaTypeApiVersionReader("api-version"),
                new HeaderApiVersionReader("api-version"),
                new QueryStringApiVersionReader("api-version"),
                new UrlSegmentApiVersionReader());
        });
        services.AddControllers();
    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }
        app.UseHttpsRedirection();

        //使用ApiVersioning
 app.UseApiVersioning();
app.UseRouting(); app.UseAuthorization(); app.UseEndpoints(endpoints
=> { endpoints.MapControllers(); }); } }
  • WebApi设置版本:

  a)经过ApiVersion标记指定指定控制器或方法的版本号;Url参数控制版本(QueryStringApiVersionReader),以下:json

namespace WebAPIVersionDemo.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]")]
    //Deprecated=true:表示v1即将弃用,响应头中返回
    [ApiVersion("1.0", Deprecated = true)]
    [ApiVersion("2.0")]public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
    {
        private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]{"Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"};
 
        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get()
        {
            var rng = new Random();
            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
            {
                Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
                TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
                Summary = $"v1:{Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]}"
            })
            .ToArray();
        }        
    }
}

  经过参数api-version参数指定版本号;调用结果:api

  

  b)经过Url Path Segment控制版本号(UrlSegmentApiVersionReader):为控制器添加路由方式以下,apiVersion为固定格式  app

[Route("/api/v{version:apiVersion}/[controller]")]

  调用方式:经过调用路径传入版本号,如:http://localhost:5000/api/v1/weatherforecastdom

   

  c)经过Header头控制版本号:在Startup中设置(HeaderApiVersionReader、MediaTypeApiVersionReaderide

apiOtions.ApiVersionReader = ApiVersionReader.Combine(
                new MediaTypeApiVersionReader("api-version"),
                new HeaderApiVersionReader("api-version"));

   调用方式,在请求头或中MediaType中传递api版本,以下:ui

   

    

  • 其余说明:

    a)ReportApiVersions设置为true时, 返回当前支持版本号(api-supported-versions);Deprecated 参数设置为true表示已弃用,在响应头中也有显示(api-deprecated-versions):this

    

    b)MapToApiVersion标记:容许将单个 API 操做映射到任何版本(能够在v1的控制器中添加v3的方法);在上面控制器中添加如下代码,访问v3版本方法

[HttpGet]
[MapToApiVersion("3.0")]
public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetV3()
{
    //获取版本
    string v = HttpContext.GetRequestedApiVersion().ToString();
    var rng = new Random();
    return Enumerable.Range(1, 1).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
    {
        Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
        TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
        Summary = $"v{v}:{Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]}"
    })
    .ToArray();
}

    

    c)注意事项:

    一、路径中参数版本高于,其余方式设置版本

    二、多种方式传递版本,只能采用一种方式传递版本号

    三、SwaggerUI中MapToApiVersion设置版本不会单独显示    

2、Swagger UI中版本接入

 一、添加包:Swashbuckle.AspNetCore、Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning.ApiExplorer   

//swaggerui 包
Install-Package Swashbuckle.AspNetCore
//api版本
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning.ApiExplorer 

 二、修改Startup代码:

public class Startup
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Api版本提者信息
    /// </summary>
    private IApiVersionDescriptionProvider provider;

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddControllers();
          
        //根据须要设置,如下内容
        services.AddApiVersioning(apiOtions =>
        {
            //返回响应标头中支持的版本信息
            apiOtions.ReportApiVersions = true;
            //此选项将用于不提供版本的请求。默认状况下, 假定的 API 版本为1.0
            apiOtions.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true;
            //缺省api版本号,支持时间或数字版本号
            apiOtions.DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion(1, 0);
            //支持MediaType、Header、QueryString 设置版本号;缺省为QueryString设置版本号
            apiOtions.ApiVersionReader = ApiVersionReader.Combine(
                    new MediaTypeApiVersionReader("api-version"),
                    new HeaderApiVersionReader("api-version"),
                    new QueryStringApiVersionReader("api-version"),
                    new UrlSegmentApiVersionReader());
        });


  services.AddVersionedApiExplorer(option => { option.GroupNameFormat = "接口:'v'VVV"; option.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true; });  this.provider = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<IApiVersionDescriptionProvider>(); services.AddSwaggerGen(options => { foreach (var description in provider.ApiVersionDescriptions) { options.SwaggerDoc(description.GroupName, new Microsoft.OpenApi.Models.OpenApiInfo() { Title = $"接口 v{description.ApiVersion}", Version = description.ApiVersion.ToString(), Description = "切换版本请点右上角版本切换" } ); } options.IncludeXmlComments(this.GetType().Assembly.Location.Replace(".dll", ".xml"), true); });

    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        //……    
   
        //使用ApiVersioning
        app.UseApiVersioning();

        //启用swaggerui,绑定api版本信息
        app.UseSwagger(); app.UseSwaggerUI(c => { foreach (var description in provider.ApiVersionDescriptions) { c.SwaggerEndpoint($"/swagger/{description.GroupName}/swagger.json", description.GroupName.ToUpperInvariant()); } });

        //……    
    }
}

 三、运行效果:  

  

其余: 

 示例地址:https://github.com/cwsheng/WebAPIVersionDemo

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