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通道(Channel):由java.nio.channels 包定义的。Channel 表示IO 源与目标打开的链接。Channel 相似于传统的“流”。只不过Channel 自己不能直接访问数据,Channel 只能与Buffer 进行交互。
java
获取通道
获取通道的一种方式是对支持通道的对象调用getChannel() 方法。支持通道的类以下:
FileInputStream
FileOutputStream
RandomAccessFile
DatagramSocket
Socket
ServerSocket
获取通道的其余方式是使用Files 类的静态方newByteChannel() 获取字节通道。或者经过通道的静态方法open() 打开并返回指定通道。
将Buffer 中数据写入Channel
数组
//利用通道完成文件的复制(非直接缓冲区) @Test public void test1(){//10874-10953 long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); FileInputStream fis = null; FileOutputStream fos = null; //①获取通道 FileChannel inChannel = null; FileChannel outChannel = null; try { fis = new FileInputStream("d:/1.mkv"); fos = new FileOutputStream("d:/2.mkv"); inChannel = fis.getChannel(); outChannel = fos.getChannel(); //②分配指定大小的缓冲区 ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); //③将通道中的数据存入缓冲区中 while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){ buf.flip(); //切换读取数据的模式 //④将缓冲区中的数据写入通道中 outChannel.write(buf); buf.clear(); //清空缓冲区 } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(outChannel != null){ try { outChannel.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(inChannel != null){ try { inChannel.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(fos != null){ try { fos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(fis != null){ try { fis.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + (end - start)); } //使用直接缓冲区完成文件的复制(内存映射文件) @Test public void test2() throws IOException{//2127-1902-1777 long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ); FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE); //内存映射文件 MappedByteBuffer inMappedBuf = inChannel.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size()); MappedByteBuffer outMappedBuf = outChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, inChannel.size()); //直接对缓冲区进行数据的读写操做 byte[] dst = new byte[inMappedBuf.limit()]; inMappedBuf.get(dst); outMappedBuf.put(dst); inChannel.close(); outChannel.close(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("耗费时间为:" + (end - start)); }
分散(Scatter)和汇集(Gather)
分散读取(Scattering Reads)是指从Channel 中读取的数据“分散”到多个Buffer 中。
网络
//分散和汇集 @Test public void test4() throws IOException{ RandomAccessFile raf1 = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt", "rw"); //1. 获取通道 FileChannel channel1 = raf1.getChannel(); //2. 分配指定大小的缓冲区 ByteBuffer buf1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(100); ByteBuffer buf2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); //3. 分散读取 ByteBuffer[] bufs = {buf1, buf2}; channel1.read(bufs); for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : bufs) { byteBuffer.flip(); } System.out.println(new String(bufs[0].array(), 0, bufs[0].limit())); System.out.println("-----------------"); System.out.println(new String(bufs[1].array(), 0, bufs[1].limit())); //4. 汇集写入 RandomAccessFile raf2 = new RandomAccessFile("2.txt", "rw"); FileChannel channel2 = raf2.getChannel(); channel2.write(bufs); }
将数据从源通道传输到其余Channel 中:app
//通道之间的数据传输(直接缓冲区) @Test public void test3() throws IOException{ FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ); FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE); //inChannel.transferTo(0, inChannel.size(), outChannel); outChannel.transferFrom(inChannel, 0, inChannel.size()); inChannel.close(); outChannel.close(); }
FileChannel 的经常使用方法dom
1 编码:字符串 -> 字节数组ui
2解码:字节数组 -> 字符串编码
//字符集 @Test public void test6() throws IOException{ Charset cs1 = Charset.forName("GBK"); //获取编码器 CharsetEncoder ce = cs1.newEncoder(); //获取解码器 CharsetDecoder cd = cs1.newDecoder(); CharBuffer cBuf = CharBuffer.allocate(1024); cBuf.put("尚硅谷威武!"); cBuf.flip(); //编码 ByteBuffer bBuf = ce.encode(cBuf); for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) { System.out.println(bBuf.get()); } //解码 bBuf.flip(); CharBuffer cBuf2 = cd.decode(bBuf); System.out.println(cBuf2.toString()); System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------"); Charset cs2 = Charset.forName("GBK"); bBuf.flip(); CharBuffer cBuf3 = cs2.decode(bBuf); System.out.println(cBuf3.toString()); } @Test public void test5(){ Map<String, Charset> map = Charset.availableCharsets(); Set<Entry<String, Charset>> set = map.entrySet(); for (Entry<String, Charset> entry : set) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue()); } }