pip install pymssql
pymssql链接数据库的方式和使用sqlite的方式基本相同:html
connect
建立链接对象connect.cursor
建立游标对象,SQL语句的执行基本都在游标上进行cursor.executeXXX
方法执行SQL语句,cursor.fetchXXX
获取查询结果等close
方法关闭游标cursor
和数据库链接import pymssql # server 数据库服务器名称或IP # user 用户名 # password 密码 # database 数据库名称 conn = pymssql.connect(server, user, password, database) cursor = conn.cursor() # 新建、插入操做 cursor.execute(""" IF OBJECT_ID('persons', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE persons CREATE TABLE persons ( id INT NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(100), salesrep VARCHAR(100), PRIMARY KEY(id) ) """) cursor.executemany( "INSERT INTO persons VALUES (%d, %s, %s)", [(1, 'John Smith', 'John Doe'), (2, 'Jane Doe', 'Joe Dog'), (3, 'Mike T.', 'Sarah H.')]) # 若是没有指定autocommit属性为True的话就须要调用commit()方法 conn.commit() # 查询操做 cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe') row = cursor.fetchone() while row: print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row[0], row[1])) row = cursor.fetchone() # 也能够使用for循环来迭代查询结果 # for row in cursor: # print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row[0], row[1])) # 关闭链接 conn.close()
注意: 例子中查询操做的参数使用的
%s
而不是'%s'
,若参数值是字符串,在执行语句时会自动添加单引号sql
一个链接一次只能有一个游标的查询处于活跃状态,以下:数据库
c1 = conn.cursor() c1.execute('SELECT * FROM persons') c2 = conn.cursor() c2.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe') print( "all persons" ) print( c1.fetchall() ) # 显示出的是c2游标查询出来的结果 print( "John Doe" ) print( c2.fetchall() ) # 不会有任何结果
为了不上述的问题能够使用如下两种方式:服务器
fetchall
方法获取到游标查询结果以后再执行下一个查询, 以下:c1.execute('SELECT ...') c1_list = c1.fetchall() c2.execute('SELECT ...') c2_list = c2.fetchall()
上述例子中游标获取的查询结果的每一行为元组类型,
能够经过在建立游标时指定as_dict
参数来使游标返回字典变量,
字典中的键为数据表的列名fetch
conn = pymssql.connect(server, user, password, database) cursor = conn.cursor(as_dict=True) cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe') for row in cursor: print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name'])) conn.close()
with
语句(上下文管理器)能够经过使用with
语句来省去显示的调用close
方法关闭链接和游标spa
with pymssql.connect(server, user, password, database) as conn: with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe') for row in cursor: print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))
pymssql 2.0.0以上的版本能够经过cursor.callproc
方法来调用存储过程code
with pymssql.connect(server, user, password, database) as conn: with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor: # 建立存储过程 cursor.execute(""" CREATE PROCEDURE FindPerson @name VARCHAR(100) AS BEGIN SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = @name END """) # 调用存储过程 cursor.callproc('FindPerson', ('Jane Doe',)) for row in cursor: print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))
参考链接: http://pymssql.org/en/stable/pymssql_examples.htmlserver