明年换工做,总要复习刷刷各个方面的题,看别人的总感受差点什么,这几天索引了一些很是好的题目,能放在文字不难说明的我便记录下来,分享给你们。我也不建议你们直接看这样的文章,本身随便看看源码比较好,面试也能够触类旁通,固然你要是犯懒能够随意通读一下大概有个概念,了胜于无。html
我有时间会把我这几天整理到的问题列出来,强烈推荐只看面试问题本身寻找答案。java
都是 List 的实现,一个数组实现一个链表实现,直奔源码,先看类:git
public class LinkedList<E>
extends AbstractSequentialList<E>
implements List<E>, Deque<E>, Cloneable, Serializable
{...}
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public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, Serializable
{
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RandomAccess
首先一眼发现双方继承的 List 都挺像的,一个是 AbstractSequentialList 一个是 AbstractList 类。都是 1300 多行代码,先看哪一个都差很少,先看 ArrayList 他实现了个 RandomAccess LinkedList 却没有实现github
package java.util;
/**
* Marker interface used by <tt>List</tt> implementations to indicate that
* they support fast (generally constant time) random access. The primary
* purpose of this interface is to allow generic algorithms to alter their
* behavior to provide good performance when applied to either random or
* sequential access lists.
*
* <p>The best algorithms for manipulating random access lists (such as
* <tt>ArrayList</tt>) can produce quadratic behavior when applied to
* sequential access lists (such as <tt>LinkedList</tt>). Generic list
* algorithms are encouraged to check whether the given list is an
* <tt>instanceof</tt> this interface before applying an algorithm that would
* provide poor performance if it were applied to a sequential access list,
* and to alter their behavior if necessary to guarantee acceptable
* performance.
*
* <p>It is recognized that the distinction between random and sequential
* access is often fuzzy. For example, some <tt>List</tt> implementations
* provide asymptotically linear access times if they get huge, but constant
* access times in practice. Such a <tt>List</tt> implementation
* should generally implement this interface. As a rule of thumb, a
* <tt>List</tt> implementation should implement this interface if,
* for typical instances of the class, this loop:
* <pre>
* for (int i=0, n=list.size(); i < n; i++)
* list.get(i);
* </pre>
* runs faster than this loop:
* <pre>
* for (Iterator i=list.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
* i.next();
* </pre>
*
* <p>This interface is a member of the
* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
* Java Collections Framework</a>.
*
* @since 1.4
*/
public interface RandomAccess {
}
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该接口的主要目的是容许通用算法更改其行为,以便在应用于随机访问或顺序访问列表时提供良好的性能.他只是一个标志性接口,作标注用的,1.5后通常都用注解来作这个事情。代表实现这个这个接口的 List 集合是支持 快速随机访问 的面试
实现了这个接口的 list 实例使用 for 会比使用 Iterator 更快!算法
出自上面的注释数组
因此咱们得出第一点结论:ArrayList 支持 快速随机访问,LinkedList 不支持 。bash
ArrayList 随机访问很快, LinkedList「链表」 插入删除很快数据结构
qeue
先给 ArrayList 个初始长度:app
List a = new ArrayList<>(4);
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ArrayList 内部会产生一个等长的 Object 数组 elementData,每次 add 的时候都会检测是否须要扩容:
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
// add后的长度 - 当前容量 > 0
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
//扩容
grow(minCapacity);
}
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
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int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
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经过代码可知,每次扩容为旧的1.5倍。切最大长度不超过 2147483639
List a = new LinkedList();
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LinkedList「链表」不能初始化开辟容量,由于 LinkedList 数据结构须要两两相连,作不到初始化给定长度。
因而可知链表的独特结构比数组要更占内存
源码:
public boolean add(E e) {
linkLast(e);
return true;
}
void linkLast(E e) {
final Node<E> l = last;
final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);
last = newNode;
if (l == null)
first = newNode;
else
l.next = newNode;
size++;
modCount++;
}
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链表源码更简单,定义经典的节点(Node)结构追加到链表尾部,链表长度 +1, addFirst 、addLast 同理。
因此链表不须要提早扩容,不怕越界,随用随插便可。理论上没有边界。
类 | 实现方式 | 应用场景 | 扩容方式 | 最大长度 |
---|---|---|---|---|
ArrayList | 动态数组 | 读取 | 1.5倍 | 2147483639 |
LinkedList | 链表 | 插入、删除 | 正常插入末尾 | 看内存:无限大 |
类 | 插入删除元素时间复杂度 | 读取元素时间复杂度 |
---|---|---|
ArrayList | O(n) | O(1) |
LinkedList | O(1) | O(n) |