0514第二十次课：LNMP 1

1、LNMP架构介绍

• LNMP和LAMP相识，只不过web服务由apache换成了nginx。

• 而且php是做为一个独立服务存在的，这个服务叫作php-fpm

• Nginx直接处理静态请求，动态请求会转发给php-fpm

  在lamp中php做为一个模块，在lnmp中php是做为一个服务。当用户请求时nginx会把它交给php而后与mysql进行交互。静态文件，如htmp或者图片nginx会直接处理从而加快速度。

2、mysql安装

因为以前已安装过mysql，这里就略过。

3、PHP安装

1. 下载安装包

   cd /usr/local/src/php-5.6.30

2. 清理以前编译的可执行文件及配置文件

   make clear

3. 编译安装

   执行如下语句：

   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl

   开始编译：

   make

   make install

   检查是否报错:

4. 查看安装路径

   ll /usr/local/php-fpm/

   比以前安装多了sbin和var两个目录：

   sbin:启动php-fpm服务目录

   var： 存放php日志的目录

5. 配置php.ini

   在解压安装包的目录中复制php.ini-production文件到php-fpm/etc文件中，重命名为php.ini

   cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini

6. 配置php-fpm.conf

   vi /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf

   写入如下内容：

   [global]
    pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
    error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
    [www]
    listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
    listen.mode = 666
    user = php-fpm
    group = php-fpm
    pm = dynamic
    pm.max_children = 50
    pm.start_servers = 20
    pm.min_spare_servers = 5
    pm.max_spare_servers = 35
    pm.max_requests = 500
    rlimit_files = 1024

7. 设置启动脚本

   把安装解压包中的init.d.php-fpm文件复制到/etc/init.d/并更名为php-fpm

   cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.30/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

   赋予775权限

   chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm

8. 启动php

   service php-fpm start

   查看php进程

   ps -ef|grep php-fpm

4、Nginx

• Nginx简介

  Nginx官网：nginx.org

  Nginx应用场景：web服务、反向代理、负载均衡

  Nginx分支：淘宝基于nginx开发的Tengine，使用与nginx一致。区别在于Tengine增长了一些定制化模块，在安全限速方面表现突出，另外它支持对接js/css合并。Nginx+lua相关组件和模块组成支持lua的高性能openresty，参考： http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/2280928

• Nginx特色

  • 体积小

  • 处理能力强

  • 并发高

  • 可扩展性高

---

• 安装Nginx

1. 下载nginx安装包

   cd /usr/local/src

   wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.0.tar.gz

2. 编译安装

   cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.17.0

   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

   make && make install

3. 查看nginx安装目录

   conf：nginx配置文件

   html：主页样例文件

   logs：日志

   sbin：核心进程文件

---

• Nginx启动配置文件

  vim /etc/init.d/nginx

  写入如下内容：

  #!/bin/bash
  # chkconfig: - 30 21
  # description: http service.
  # Source Function Library
  . /etc/init.d/functions
  # Nginx Settings
  
  NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  RETVAL=0
  prog="Nginx"
  
  start() 
  {
      echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
      mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
      daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
      RETVAL=$?
      echo
      return $RETVAL
  }
  
  stop() 
  {
      echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
      killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
      rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
      RETVAL=$?
      echo
      return $RETVAL
  }
  
  reload()
  {
      echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
      killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
      RETVAL=$?
      echo
      return $RETVAL
  }
  
  restart()
  {
      stop
      start
  }
  
  configtest()
  {
      $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
      return 0
  }
  
  case "$1" in
    start)
          start
          ;;
    stop)
          stop
          ;;
    reload)
          reload
          ;;
    restart)
          restart
          ;;
    configtest)
          configtest
          ;;
    *)
          echo $"Usage: $0    {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
        RETVAL=1
  esac
  
  exit $RETVAL

---

• 启动nginx

  修改权限为755

  chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

  设置开机启动

  chkconfig --add nginx

  chkconfig nginx on

  启动/关闭/检查

  启动：

  /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx service nginx start

  关闭：

  pkill nginx //杀死nginx进程，中止nginx服务

  检查：

  /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //检测配置文件语法错误

  启动并查看进程

  service nginx start

---

• 修改nginx配置文件

  nginx配置文件：

  vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

  添加如下内容：

  user nobody nobody;
  worker_processes 2;
  error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
  pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
  worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
  events
  {
      use epoll;
      worker_connections 6000;
  }
  http
  {
      include mime.types;
      default_type application/octet-stream;
      server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
      server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
      log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr    $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
   ' $host "$request_uri" $status'
   ' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
   sendfile on;
   tcp_nopush on;
   keepalive_timeout 30;
   client_header_timeout 3m;
   client_body_timeout 3m;
   send_timeout 3m;
   connection_pool_size 256;
   client_header_buffer_size 1k;
   large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
   request_pool_size 4k;
   output_buffers 4 32k;
   postpone_output 1460;
   client_max_body_size 10m;
   client_body_buffer_size 256k;
   client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
   proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
   fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
   fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
   tcp_nodelay on;
   gzip on;
   gzip_min_length 1k;
   gzip_buffers 4 8k;
   gzip_comp_level 5;
   gzip_http_version 1.1;
   gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm 
   application/xml;
   server
   {
       listen 80;
       server_name localhost;
       index index.html index.htm index.php;
       root /usr/local/nginx/html;
       location ~ \.php$ 
       {
           include fastcgi_params;
           fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
           fastcgi_index index.php;
           fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
          }    
      }	
  }

---

• 测试解析PHP

  vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php

  添加如下内容：

  <?phpecho "hello";

  测试：

  curl localhost/1.php