因为咱们系统时间用的过长，数据量大，设计是采用自增IDjavascript
咱们插入数据的时候把ID也写进去，咱们能够采用 关闭和开启自增标识html
没有关闭的时候 ，提示一下错误，不能修改java
set identity_insert test on 关闭标识 在添加时候 提示成功jquery
set identity_insert 表名 on 关闭git
set identity_insert 表名 off 开启github
C# 实现自动化打开和关闭可执行文件（或 关闭中止与系统交互的可执行文件）
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string
file =Application.StartupPath+
@"\WinFrm_Main.exe"
;
//运行程序位置
public
Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private
void
button1_Click(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
// StopExe(file);
timer1.Enabled =
false
;
}
private
void
button2_Click(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
timer1.Enabled =
true
;
}
void
StopExe(
string
file)
{
Process pr =
new
Process();
//声明一个进程类对象
pr.StartInfo.FileName = file;
//指定运行的程序，
pr.Start();
//运行
}
void
StartExt()
{
//Process[] p_arry = Process.GetProcesses();//获得系统全部进程
//for (int i = 0; i < p_arry.Length; i++)//遍历每一个进程
//{
// if (p_arry[i].ProcessName == "WinFrm_Main" && !p_arry[i].Responding)//发现有名为QQ的进程
// {
// p_arry[i].Kill();//就结束它。
// return;
// }
//}
Process[] proc = Process.GetProcessesByName(
"WinFrm_Main"
);
//建立一个进程数组，把与此进程相关的资源关联。
for
(
int
i = 0; i < proc.Length; i++)
{
proc[i].Kill();
//逐个结束进程.
}
System.GC.Collect();
//垃圾回收
}
private
void
timer1_Tick(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
Process[] proc = Process.GetProcessesByName(
"WinFrm_Main"
);
//建立一个进程数组，把与此进程相关的资源关联。
for
(
int
i = 0; i < proc.Length; i++)
{
if
(proc[i].ProcessName ==
"WinFrm_Main"
&& !proc[i].Responding)
//发现有名为WinFrm_Main的进程 或 WinFrm_Main和电脑中止交互 就退出
{
proc[i].Kill();
//就结束它。
//StopExe(file);
}
}
if
(proc.Length==0)
//启动
StopExe(file);
System.GC.Collect();
//垃圾回收
}
|
下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/amy1314250/9849891ajax
ajaxfileupload插件上传图片功能，用MVC和aspx作后台各写了一个案例
HTML代码 和js 代码sql
@{
Layout = null;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<title>Index</title>
<script src="~/js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>
<script src="~/js/ajaxfileupload.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function () {
$("#butLoad").click(function () {
$("#img1").attr("src", "../images/timg.gif");
//调用action
$.ajaxFileUpload({
url: "../Upload/UpLoad",
secureuri: false, //通常设置为false
fileElementId: 'Img', //文件上传空间的id属性 <input type="file" id="Img" name="file" />
dataType: 'json', //返回值类型
success: function (data, status) //服务器成功响应处理函数
{
$("#img1").attr("src", data.imgurl);
if (typeof (data.error) != 'undefined') {
if (data.error != '') {
alert(data.error);
} else {
alert(data.msg);
}
}
},
error: function (data, status, e)//服务器响应失败处理函数
{
alert(e);
}
});
});
$("#butLoadAsp").click(function () {
$("#imgAsp").attr("src", "../images/timg.gif");
//调用aspx
$.ajaxFileUpload({
url: "../Ajax/UpLoad.aspx?__Action=UpLoadImg",
secureuri: false, //通常设置为false
fileElementId: 'ImgAsp', //文件上传空间的id属性 <input type="file" id="Img" name="file" />
dataType: 'json', //返回值类型
success: function (data, status) //服务器成功响应处理函数
{
$("#imgAsp").attr("src", data.imgurl);
if (typeof (data.error) != 'undefined') {
if (data.error != '') {
alert(data.error);
} else {
alert(data.msg);
}
}
},
error: function (data, status, e)//服务器响应失败处理函数
{
alert(e);
}
});
});
});
function ChImages(obj) {
$("#img1").attr("src", obj.value)
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h3>mvc-ajax</h3>
<input type="file" id="Img" name="file" onchange="ChImages(this)" /> @*注意：name必定要写*@
<button id="butLoad">上传</button>
<img src="" id="img1" alt="请选择图片" width="200" />
</div>
<div>
<h3>asp.net-ajax</h3>
<input type="file" id="ImgAsp" name="file" /> @*注意：name必定要写*@
<button id="butLoadAsp">上传</button>
<img src="" id="imgAsp" alt="请选择图片" width="200" />
</div>
</body>
</html>
mvc 控制中代码json
[HttpPost]//过滤
public JsonResult UpLoad()
{
HttpFileCollectionBase files = Request.Files;//这里只能用<input type="file" />才能有效果,由于服务器控件是HttpInputFile类型
object result = new { error="error", msg="上传失败",imgurl= files[0].FileName};
string msg = string.Empty;
string error = string.Empty;
string imgurl;
if (files.Count > 0)
{
string savePath = Server.MapPath("/") + "UpLoadImg\\";//保存文件地址
//string saveDir = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(savePath);
if (!Directory.Exists(savePath)) {
Directory.CreateDirectory(savePath);
}
files[0].SaveAs(savePath + System.IO.Path.GetFileName(files[0].FileName));
msg = " 成功! 文件大小为:" + files[0].ContentLength;
imgurl = "../UpLoadImg/" + files[0].FileName;
result =new { error="success", msg= msg, imgurl=imgurl };
}
return Json(result, "text/html");
}
aspx.cs 代码数组
public partial class UpLoad : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string action = Request["__Action"];
if (action==null || action == string.Empty)
return;
Page p = this;
Type pageType = p.GetType();
MethodInfo method = pageType.GetMethod(action);
if (method != null)
method.Invoke(p, null);
}
public void UpLoadImg()
{
HttpFileCollection files = Request.Files;//这里只能用<input type="file" />才能有效果,由于服务器控件是HttpInputFile类型
// object result = new { error = "error", msg = "上传失败", imgurl = files[0].FileName };
string result = "{ error:'error', msg:'上传失败',imgurl:'" + files[0].FileName + "'}";
string msg = string.Empty;
string error = string.Empty;
string imgurl;
if (files.Count > 0)
{
string savePath = Server.MapPath("/") + "UpLoadImg\\";//保存文件地址
//string saveDir = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(savePath);
if (!Directory.Exists(savePath))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(savePath);
}
files[0].SaveAs(savePath + System.IO.Path.GetFileName(files[0].FileName));
msg = " 成功! 文件大小为:" + files[0].ContentLength;
imgurl = "../UpLoadImg/" + files[0].FileName;
result = "{ error:'" + error + "', msg:'" + msg + "',imgurl:'" + imgurl + "'}";
}
Response.Clear();
Response.Write(result.ToString());
Response.End();
}
}
MVC和aspx 有些不一样，MVC获取HttpInputFile 用HttpFileCollectionBase 类，aspx获取HttpInputFile 用HttpFileCollection 类
我的学习，请多多指教
代码：http://files.cnblogs.com/files/BensonHai/UploadImage.rar 本人是用VS2015写的
将小写阿拉伯数字转换成大写的汉字，
#region 小写转大写
/// <summary> ///
/// 金额转为大写金额
/// </summary>
/// <param name="LowerMoney"></param> <returns></returns>
public static string MoneyToChinese(decimal NubMoney)
{
string LowerMoney = NubMoney.ToString();
string functionReturnValue = null;
bool IsNegative = false;
// 是不是负数
if (LowerMoney.Trim().Substring(0, 1) == "-")
{ // 是负数则先转为正数
LowerMoney = LowerMoney.Trim().Remove(0, 1);
IsNegative = true;
}
string strLower = null;
string strUpart = null; string strUpper = null; int iTemp = 0;
// 保留两位小数 123.489→123.49 123.4→123.4
LowerMoney = Math.Round(double.Parse(LowerMoney), 2).ToString();
if (LowerMoney.IndexOf(".") > 0)
{
if (LowerMoney.IndexOf(".") == LowerMoney.Length - 2)
{ LowerMoney = LowerMoney + "0"; }
}
else
{
LowerMoney = LowerMoney + ".00";
} strLower = LowerMoney; iTemp = 1; strUpper = ""; while (iTemp <= strLower.Length)
{
switch (strLower.Substring(strLower.Length - iTemp, 1))
{
case ".": strUpart = "圆";
break;
case "0": strUpart = "零"; break;
case "1": strUpart = "壹";
break;
case "2": strUpart = "贰"; break;
case "3": strUpart = "叁";
break;
case "4": strUpart = "肆"; break;
case "5": strUpart = "伍";
break;
case "6": strUpart = "陆"; break;
case "7": strUpart = "柒";
break;
case "8": strUpart = "捌"; break;
case "9": strUpart = "玖";
break;
} switch (iTemp)
{
case 1: strUpart = strUpart + "分";
break;
case 2: strUpart = strUpart + "角"; break;
case 3:
strUpart = strUpart + ""; break;
case 4: strUpart = strUpart + "";
break;
case 5: strUpart = strUpart + "拾"; break;
case 6:
strUpart = strUpart + "佰"; break;
case 7: strUpart = strUpart + "仟";
break;
case 8: strUpart = strUpart + "万"; break;
case 9:
strUpart = strUpart + "拾"; break;
case 10:
strUpart = strUpart + "佰"; break;
case 11:
strUpart = strUpart + "仟"; break;
case 12:
strUpart = strUpart + "亿"; break;
case 13:
strUpart = strUpart + "拾"; break;
case 14:
strUpart = strUpart + "佰"; break;
case 15:
strUpart = strUpart + "仟"; break;
case 16:
strUpart = strUpart + "万"; break;
default:
strUpart = strUpart + ""; break;
}
strUpper = strUpart + strUpper; iTemp = iTemp + 1;
} strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零拾", "零");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零佰", "零"); strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零仟", "零"); strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零零零", "零");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零零", "零"); strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零角零分", "整"); strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零分", "整");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零角", "零"); strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零亿零万零圆", "亿圆");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("亿零万零圆", "亿圆"); strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零亿零万", "亿");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零万零圆", "万圆"); strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零亿", "亿");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零万", "万"); strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零圆", "圆");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零零", "零");
// 对壹圆如下的金额的处理
if (strUpper.Substring(0, 1) == "圆")
{
strUpper = strUpper.Substring(1, strUpper.Length - 1);
} if (strUpper.Substring(0, 1) == "零")
{
strUpper = strUpper.Substring(1, strUpper.Length - 1);
}
if (strUpper.Substring(0, 1) == "角")
{
strUpper = strUpper.Substring(1, strUpper.Length - 1);
} if (strUpper.Substring(0, 1) == "分")
{
strUpper = strUpper.Substring(1, strUpper.Length - 1);
} if (strUpper.Substring(0, 1) == "整")
{
strUpper = "零圆整";
} functionReturnValue = strUpper; if (IsNegative == true)
{
return "负" + functionReturnValue;
}
else { return functionReturnValue; }
}
/// <summary> ///
/// 金额转为大写金额
/// </summary>
/// <param name="LowerMoney"></param> <returns></returns>
public static string NumberToChinese(decimal NubMoney)
{
string LowerMoney = NubMoney.ToString();
string functionReturnValue = null;
bool IsNegative = false;
// 是不是负数
if (LowerMoney.Trim().Substring(0, 1) == "-")
{ // 是负数则先转为正数
LowerMoney = LowerMoney.Trim().Remove(0, 1);
IsNegative = true;
}
string strLower = null;
string strUpart = null; string strUpper = null; int iTemp = 0;
// 保留两位小数 123.489→123.49 123.4→123.4
LowerMoney = Math.Round(double.Parse(LowerMoney), 2).ToString();
if (LowerMoney.IndexOf(".") > 0)
{
if (LowerMoney.IndexOf(".") == LowerMoney.Length - 2)
{ LowerMoney = LowerMoney + "0"; }
}
else
{
LowerMoney = LowerMoney + ".00";
} strLower = LowerMoney; iTemp = 1; strUpper = ""; while (iTemp <= strLower.Length)
{
switch (strLower.Substring(strLower.Length - iTemp, 1))
{
case ".": strUpart = "";
break;
case "0": strUpart = "零"; break;
case "1": strUpart = "一";
break;
case "2": strUpart = "二"; break;
case "3": strUpart = "三";
break;
case "4": strUpart = "四"; break;
case "5": strUpart = "五";
break;
case "6": strUpart = "六"; break;
case "7": strUpart = "七";
break;
case "8": strUpart = "八"; break;
case "9": strUpart = "九";
break;
}
switch (iTemp)
{
case 1: strUpart = strUpart + "";
break;
case 2: strUpart = strUpart + ""; break;
case 3:
strUpart = strUpart + ""; break;
case 4: strUpart = strUpart + "";
break;
case 5: strUpart = strUpart + "拾"; break;
case 6:
strUpart = strUpart + "佰"; break;
case 7: strUpart = strUpart + "仟";
break;
case 8: strUpart = strUpart + "万"; break;
case 9:
strUpart = strUpart + "拾"; break;
case 10:
strUpart = strUpart + "佰"; break;
case 11:
strUpart = strUpart + "仟"; break;
case 12:
strUpart = strUpart + "亿"; break;
case 13:
strUpart = strUpart + "拾"; break;
case 14:
strUpart = strUpart + "佰"; break;
case 15:
strUpart = strUpart + "仟"; break;
case 16:
strUpart = strUpart + "万"; break;
default:
strUpart = strUpart + ""; break;
}
strUpper = strUpart + strUpper; iTemp = iTemp + 1;
}
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零拾", "零");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零佰", "零");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零仟", "零");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零零零", "零");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零零", "零");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零角零分", "整");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零分", "整");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零角", "零");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零亿零万零圆", "亿圆");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("亿零万零圆", "亿圆");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零亿零万", "亿");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零万零圆", "万圆");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零亿", "亿");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零万", "万");
if (strUpper.IndexOf("一亿万") > -1)
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("万","");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零圆", "圆");
strUpper = strUpper.Replace("零零", "零");
// 对壹圆如下的金额的处理
if (strUpper.Substring(0, 1) == "圆")
{
strUpper = strUpper.Substring(1, strUpper.Length - 1);
} if (strUpper.Substring(0, 1) == "零")
{
strUpper = strUpper.Substring(1, strUpper.Length - 1);
}
if (strUpper.Substring(0, 1) == "角")
{
strUpper = strUpper.Substring(1, strUpper.Length - 1);
} if (strUpper.Substring(0, 1) == "分")
{
strUpper = strUpper.Substring(1, strUpper.Length - 1);
} if (strUpper.Substring(0, 1) == "整")
{
strUpper = "零圆整";
}
if (strUpper.LastIndexOf("零") > -1) {
strUpper = strUpper.Substring(0, strUpper.Length - 1);
}
functionReturnValue = strUpper;
if (IsNegative == true)
{
return "负" + functionReturnValue;
}
else { return functionReturnValue; }
}
#endregion
C# WinForm 中英文实现， 国际化实现的简单方法
来源：http://www.jb51.net/article/45675.htm，今天看到了借鉴过了，保存一下，下次开发直接用嘻嘻
软件行业发展到今天，国际化问题一直都占据很是重要的位置，并且应该愈来愈被重视。对于开发人员而言，在编写程序以前，国际化问题是首先要考虑的一个问题，也许有时候这个问题已经在设计者的考虑范围以内，但终归要开发人员去作实现的。所以，如何实现国际化，是开发人员必须掌握的一项基本技能。
今天，这里要讲的就是，在利用C#进行WinForm开发时，国际化是怎么实现的。鉴于时间及篇幅关系，这里仅仅介绍一种简单的国际化实现方法，可能这里提到的方法已经有很是多人提到过，但笔者仍是不厌其烦地介绍一下。
要在C#中实现国际化，须要相关资源文件，好比要在一个软件中支持英文、中文两种语言，那么就必须有这两种语言的资源文件，这在C#中能够采用资源文件（后缀名为.resx）来实现，咱们不妨定义英文资源文件名称为Resource.en-US，中文资源文件名称为Resource.zh-CN，两种资源文件所涉及的ID都应该是同样的（这对于其余更多的资源文件均是同样的），只不过是展现的名称不一样罢了。
有了这两种资源文件，接下来就要考虑如何作的问题了。为了适应多处使用的情形，这里笔者单独编写了一个类ResourceCulture，该类包含了一些静态方法，主要做用是用来设置当前语言及返回当前的语言的相关字符串。该类代码以下：
using System.Reflection;
using System.Resources;
using System.Threading;
using System.Globalization;
namespace GlobalizationTest
{
class ResourceCulture
{
/// <summary>
/// Set current culture by name
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">name</param>
public static void SetCurrentCulture(string name)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
{
name = "en-US";
}
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo(name);
}
/// <summary>
/// Get string by id
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">id</param>
/// <returns>current language string</returns>
public static string GetString(string id)
{
string strCurLanguage = "";
try
{
ResourceManager rm = new ResourceManager("GlobalizationTest.Resource", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
CultureInfo ci = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
strCurLanguage = rm.GetString(id, ci);
}
catch
{
strCurLanguage = "No id:" + id + ", please add.";
}
return strCurLanguage;
}
}
}
在Form1中的代码以下：
/**
* This project is just a example to show how to do the globalization in C# winform.
* You and rebuild and/or modify it by yourself if you want.
* Specially, this project was created in Visual Studio 2010.
*
* Project Name : GlobalizationTest
* Create Date : April 29th, 2010
* */
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace GlobalizationTest
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
/// <summary>
/// Set the resource culture
/// </summary>
private void SetResourceCulture()
{
// Set the form title text
this.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_frmText");
// Set the groupbox text
this.gbLanguageView.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_gbLanguageViewText");
this.gbLanguageSelection.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_gbLanguageSelectionText");
// Set the label text
this.lblCurLanguageText.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_lblCurLanguageText");
this.lblNameText.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_lblNameText");
this.lblPhoneText.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_lblPhoneText");
// Set the button text
this.btnMsgShow.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_btnMsgShowText");
// Set radiobutton text
this.rbEnglish.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Language_EnglishText");
this.rbChinese.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Language_ChineseText");
// Set the current language text
if (rbEnglish.Checked)
{
this.lblCurLanguage.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Language_EnglishText");
}
else if (rbChinese.Checked)
{
this.lblCurLanguage.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Language_ChineseText");
}
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Set the default language
ResourceCulture.SetCurrentCulture("en-US");
this.SetResourceCulture();
}
private void btnMsgShow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtName.Text))
{
MessageBox.Show(ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_nameText"), ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_TitleText"),
MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation);
return;
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtPhone.Text))
{
MessageBox.Show(ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_phoneText"), ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_TitleText"),
MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation);
return;
}
MessageBox.Show(ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_InfoText") + txtName.Text + ", " + txtPhone.Text,
ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_TitleText"), MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
}
private void rbEnglish_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ResourceCulture.SetCurrentCulture("en-US");
this.SetResourceCulture();
}
private void rbChinese_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ResourceCulture.SetCurrentCulture("zh-CN");
this.SetResourceCulture();
}
}
}
最终的效果以下图1和图2所示：
图1
归结起来，要在C#的WinForm中实现国际化，至少须要作好如下几点：
（1）准备所需资源文件（如本文中提到的英文和中文资源文件）；
（2）引入命名空间（包括：System.Reflection、System.Resources、System.Threading和System.Globalization）；
（3）实例化资源管理器（即ResourceManager）；
（4）设置当前进程的语言区域；
（5）经过资源管理器从指定的资源文件中获取所需值。
经过上述的方法便可简单实现国际化。
ASP.NET Core 2 学习笔记（三）
以前ASP.NET中使用的HTTP Modules及HTTP Handlers，在ASP.NET Core中已不复存在，取而代之的是Middleware。Middleware除了简化了HTTP Modules/Handlers的使用方式，还带入了Pipeline的概念。
本篇将介绍ASP.NET Core的Middleware概念及用法。
Middleware 概念
ASP.NET Core在Middleware的官方说明中，使用了Pipeline这个名词，意指Middleware像水管同样能够串联在一块儿，全部的Request及Response都会层层通过这些水管。
用图例能够很容易理解，以下图：
App.Use
Middleware的注册方式是在Startup.cs的Configure对IApplicationBuilder使用Use方法注册。
大部分扩展的Middleware也都是以Use开头的方法注册，例如：
- UseMvc()：MVC的Middleware
- UseRewriter()：URL rewriting的Middleware
一个简单的Middleware 范例。以下：
Startup.cs
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using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Linq;
using
System.Threading.Tasks;
using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using
Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
namespace
MyWebsite
{
public
class
Startup
{
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
// For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
public
void
ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public
void
Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if
(env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"First Middleware in. \r\n"
);
await next.Invoke();
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"First Middleware out. \r\n"
);
});
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Second Middleware in. \r\n"
);
await next.Invoke();
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Second Middleware out. \r\n"
);
});
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Third Middleware in. \r\n"
);
await next.Invoke();
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Third Middleware out. \r\n"
);
});
app.Run(async (context) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Hello World! \r\n"
);
});
}
}
}
|
用浏览器打开网站任意连结，输出结果：
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7
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First Middleware
in
.
Second Middleware
in
.
Third Middleware
in
.
Hello World!
Third Middleware out.
Second Middleware out.
First Middleware out.
|
在Pipeline的概念中，注册顺序是很重要的事情。请求通过的顺序必定是先进后出。
Request 流程以下图：
Middleware 也能够做为拦截使用，以下：
Startup.cs
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using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Linq;
using
System.Threading.Tasks;
using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using
Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
namespace
MyWebsite
{
public
class
Startup
{
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
// For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
public
void
ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public
void
Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if
(env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"First Middleware in. \r\n"
);
await next.Invoke();
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"First Middleware out. \r\n"
);
});
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Second Middleware in. \r\n"
);
// 水管阻塞，封包不日后送
var
condition =
false
;
if
(condition)
{
await next.Invoke();
}
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Second Middleware out. \r\n"
);
});
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Third Middleware in. \r\n"
);
await next.Invoke();
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Third Middleware out. \r\n"
);
});
app.Run(async (context) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Hello World! \r\n"
);
});
}
}
}
|
输出结果：
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First Middleware
in
.
Second Middleware
in
.
Second Middleware out.
First Middleware out.
|
在Second Middleware 中，由于没有达成条件，因此封包也就不在日后面的水管传送。流程如图：
App.Run
Run是Middleware的最后一个行为，以上面图例来讲，就是最末端的Action。
它不像Use能串联其余Middleware，但Run仍是能完整的使用Request及Response。
App.Map
Map是能用来处理一些简单路由的Middleware，可依照不一样的URL指向不一样的Run及注册不一样的Use。
新增一个路由以下：
Startup.cs
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using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Linq;
using
System.Threading.Tasks;
using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using
Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
namespace
MyWebsite
{
public
class
Startup
{
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
// For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
public
void
ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public
void
Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if
(env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"First Middleware in. \r\n"
);
await next.Invoke();
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"First Middleware out. \r\n"
);
});
// app.Use(async (context, next) =>
// {
// await context.Response.WriteAsync("Second Middleware in. \r\n");
// // 水管阻塞，封包不日后送
// var condition = false;
// if (condition)
// {
// await next.Invoke();
// }
// await context.Response.WriteAsync("Second Middleware out. \r\n");
// });
app.Map(
"/second"
, mapApp =>
{
mapApp.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Second Middleware in. \r\n"
);
await next.Invoke();
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Second Middleware out. \r\n"
);
});
mapApp.Run(async context =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Second. \r\n"
);
});
});
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Third Middleware in. \r\n"
);
await next.Invoke();
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Third Middleware out. \r\n"
);
});
app.Run(async (context) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync(
"Hello World! \r\n"
);
});
}
}
}
|
开启网站任意连结，会显示：
|
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First Middleware
in
.
Third Middleware
in
.
Hello World!
Third Middleware out.
First Middleware out.
|
开启网站http://localhost:5000/second，则会显示：
|
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First Middleware
in
.
Second Middleware
in
.
Second.
Second Middleware out.
First Middleware out.
|
建立Middleware 类
若是Middleware所有都写在Startup.cs，代码将很难维护，因此应该把自定义的Middleware逻辑独立出来。
创建Middleware类不须要额外继承其它类或接口，通常的类便可，例子以下：
FirstMiddleware.cs
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using
System.Threading.Tasks;
using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
namespace
MyWebsite
{
public
class
FirstMiddleware
{
private
readonly
RequestDelegate _next;
public
FirstMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
{
_next = next;
}
public
async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync($
"{nameof(FirstMiddleware)} in. \r\n"
);
await _next(context);
await context.Response.WriteAsync($
"{nameof(FirstMiddleware)} out. \r\n"
);
}
}
}
|
全局注册
在Startup.Configure注册Middleware就能够套用到全部的Request。以下：
Startup.cs
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// ...
public
class
Startup
{
// ...
public
void
Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.UseMiddleware<FirstMiddleware>();
// ...
}
}
|
局部注册
Middleware 也能够只套用在特定的Controller 或Action。注册方式以下：
Controllers\HomeController.cs
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// ..
[MiddlewareFilter(
typeof
(FirstMiddleware))]
public
class
HomeController : Controller
{
// ...
[MiddlewareFilter(
typeof
(SecondMiddleware))]
public
IActionResult Index()
{
// ...
}
}
|
Extensions
大部分扩展的Middleware都会用一个静态方法包装，如：UseMvc()、UseRewriter()等。
自定义的Middleware固然也能够透过静态方法包，范例以下：
Extensions\CustomMiddlewareExtensions.cs
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using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
namespace
MyWebsite
{
public
static
class
CustomMiddlewareExtensions
{
public
static
IApplicationBuilder UseFirstMiddleware(
this
IApplicationBuilder builder)
{
return
builder.UseMiddleware<FirstMiddleware>();
}
}
}
|
注册Extension Middleware 的方式以下：
Startup.cs
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// ...
public
class
Startup
{
// ...
public
void
Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.UseFirstMiddleware();
// ...
}
}
|
参考
ASP.NET Core Middleware Fundamentals
Creating Custom Middleware In ASP.Net Core
老司机发车啦：https://github.com/SnailDev/SnailDev.NETCore2Learning
ASP.NET Core 2 学习笔记（六）
ASP.NET Core MVC跟ASP.NET MVC观念是一致的，使用上也没有什么太大的变化。以前的ASP.NET MVC把MVC及Web API的套件分开，但在ASP.NET Core中MVC及Web API用的套件是相同的。
本篇将介绍ASP.NET Core MVC设置方式。
MVC 简介
ASP.NET Core的MVC(Model-View-Controller)架构模式延续ASP.NET MVC，把网站分红三大元件Model、View及Controller，依赖关系以下图：
- Model
负责数据处理，包含数据存取、业务逻辑、定义数据对象及验证数据。 - View
负责UI显示，如HTML、CSS等界面设计配置。 - Controller
负责将使用者Requset找到相对应的Model及View，作为控制流程的角色。
在ASP.NET Core中使用MVC或Web API，须要
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc套件。
注册MVC 服务
在Startup.cs的ConfigureServices加入MVC的服务，并在Configure对IApplicationBuilder使用UseMvcWithDefaultRoute方法注册MVC预设路由的Middleware。以下：
Startup.cs
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// ...
public
class
Startup
{
public
void
ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddMvc();
}
public
void
Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();
}
}
|
- UseMvcWithDefaultRoute
这个是ASP.NET Core的预设路由，会将Request来的URL找到对应的Controller及Action。
MVC 示例
Model
创建一个简单的Model 用于Controller 跟View 互动。
Models\UserModel.cs
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namespace
MyWebsite.Models
{
public
class
UserModel
{
// 名称
public
string
Name {
get
;
set
; } =
"SnailDev"
;
}
}
|
Controller
在项目目录下创建一个Controllers文件夹，把Controller都放这个目录。
过去ASP.NET把MVC及Web API用的Controller分为Controller及ApiController，如今ASP.NET Core把二者合一，再也不区分ApiController。
因此要创建一个类，名称后缀Controller便可，以下：
Controllers\HomeController.cs
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namespace
MyWebsite.Controllers
{
public
class
HomeController
{
public
string
Index()
{
return
"this is homecontroller index action"
;
}
}
}
|
但要让Controller跟View互动，仍是须要继承Controller比较方便，以下：
Controllers\HomeController.cs
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using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using
MyWebsite.Models;
namespace
MyWebsite.Controllers
{
public
class
HomeController : Controller
{
public
IActionResult Index()
{
var
user =
new
UserModel();
return
View(model: user);
}
}
}
|
IActionResult回传的方式能够有不少种，经过继承Controller后，就可使用Controller的方法：
- View
以上例来讲，经过回传View方法，能够找到该Controller & Action对应的*.cshtml，而且把UserModel传给View使用。 - HTTP Status Code
响应包含HTTP Status。经常使用的响应有Ok、BadRequest、NotFound等。
例如：return BadRequest("Internal Server Error")，会响应HTTP Status 400及Internal Server Error字串。 - Redirect
能够把Request转给其余的Action或URL。转向的方法有Redirect、LocalRedirect、RedirectToAction、RedirectToRoute等。
例如：return RedirectToAction("Login", "Authentication")，就会把Request转向到AuthenticationController的Login()。 - Formatted Response
响应时指定Content-Type。Web API的回传一般都用这种方式，序列化对象顺便标注Content-Type。
例如：return Json(user)，会将对象序列化成JSON字串，并在HTTP Headers带上Content-Type=application/json。
View
View跟Controller有相互的对应关系，预设在Controller使用View方法回传结果，会从如下目录寻找对应的*.cshtml：
- Views\{ControllerName}\{ActionName}.cshtml
寻找与Controller同名的子目录，再找到与Action同名的*.cshtml。
如上例HomeController.Index()，就会找项目目录下的Views\Home\Index.cshtml文件。 - Views\Shared\{ActionName}.cshtml
若是Controller同名的子目录，找不到Action同名的*.cshtml。就会到Shared目录找。如上例HomeController.Index()，就会找项目目录下的Views\Shared\Index.cshtml文件。
Views\Home\Index.cshtml
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@model MyWebsite.Models.UserModel
Hello~ 我是 @Model.Name
|
在*.cshtml用@model绑定Model的型别，才可使用@Model取得Controller传入的对象。
示例结果
数据流动图以下：
参考
Overview of ASP.NET Core MVC
ASP.NET Core - Setup MVC
老司机发车啦：https://github.com/SnailDev/SnailDev.NETCore2Learning