python --panda(二)---DataFrame结构及平常操做

继上一篇文章,这篇文章介绍一下Pandas模块里面的DataFrame结构html

1. 介绍

DataFrame unifies two or more Series into a single data structure.Each Series then represents a named column of the DataFrame, and instead of each column having its own index, the DataFrame provides a single index and the data in all columns is aligned to the master index of the DataFrame. 
这段话的意思是,DataFrame提供的是一个相似表的结构,由多个Series组成,而Series在DataFrame中叫columns(理解有错请指出,(逃~ 
dataFrame1数组

2. 相关操做

a.create

pd.DataFrame() 
参数: 
一、二维array; 
二、Series 列表; 
三、value为Series的字典;app

a.一、二维array

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

s1=np.array([1,2,3,4])
s2=np.array([5,6,7,8])
df=pd.DataFrame([s1,s2])
print df
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dataFrame二维数组create

a.二、Series列表(效果与二维array相同)

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

s1=pd.Series(np.array([1,2,3,4]))
s2=pd.Series(np.array([5,6,7,8]))
df=pd.DataFrame([s1,s2])
print df
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Series列表

a.三、value为Series的字典结构;

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

s1=pd.Series(np.array([1,2,3,4]))
s2=pd.Series(np.array([5,6,7,8]))
df=pd.DataFrame({"a":s1,"b":s2});
print df
  •  

value为Series的字典结构 
注:若建立使用的参数中,array、Series长度不同时,对应index的value值若不存在则为NaNide

b.属性

b.1 .columns :每一个columns对应的keys

b.2 .shape:形状,(a,b),index长度为a,columns数为b

b.3 .index;.values:返回index列表;返回value二维array

b.4 .head();.tail();

c.if-then 操做

c.1使用.ix[]

df=pd.DataFrame({"A":[1,2,3,4],"B":[5,6,7,8],"C":[1,1,1,1]})
df.ix[df.A>1,'B']= -1
print df
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pandas11

df.ix[条件,then操做区域]spa

c.2使用numpy.where

df=pd.DataFrame({"A":[1,2,3,4],"B":[5,6,7,8],"C":[1,1,1,1]})
df["then"]=np.where(df.A<3,1,0)
print df
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pandas12 
np.where(条件,then,else)code

d.根据条件选择取DataFrame

d.1 直接取值df.[]

df=pd.DataFrame({"A":[1,2,3,4],"B":[5,6,7,8],"C":[1,1,1,1]})
df=df[df.A>=2]
print df
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pandas13

d.2 使用.loc[]

df=pd.DataFrame({"A":[1,2,3,4],"B":[5,6,7,8],"C":[1,1,1,1]})
df=df.loc[df.A>2]
print df
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(还有不少种方法就不一一列举了)htm

e.Grouping

e.1groupby 造成group

df = pd.DataFrame({'animal': 'cat dog cat fish dog cat cat'.split(),
                  'size': list('SSMMMLL'),
                  'weight': [8, 10, 11, 1, 20, 12, 12],
                  'adult' : [False] * 5 + [True] * 2});
#列出动物中weight最大的对应size
group=df.groupby("animal").apply(lambda subf: subf['size'][subf['weight'].idxmax()])
print group
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grouping 
e.2 使用get_group 取出其中一分组get

df = pd.DataFrame({'animal': 'cat dog cat fish dog cat cat'.split(),
                  'size': list('SSMMMLL'),
                  'weight': [8, 10, 11, 1, 20, 12, 12],
                  'adult' : [False] * 5 + [True] * 2});

group=df.groupby("animal")
cat=group.get_group("cat")
print cat
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get_group

其余具体操做请参考CookBook

http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/cookbook.htmlpandas

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