AngularJs登陆

AngularJs 登陆的简单实现

多数AngularJs应用离不开登陆操做,最近阅读了一篇关于AngularJs登陆的博客,博客中实现的登陆系统demo可以应用于多数小型AngularJs应用,实现也并不困难,这里讲讲如何实现这个简单的登陆系统。css

种子项目

这里使用的种子项目是 angular-seed,登陆系统会在这个种子项目的基础上完成
,github地址:https://github.com/angular/angular-seed/。按照github上`README.md`配置后即可在上面添加咱们本身的登陆系统html

angular-seed文件目录:ios

app/                    --> all of the source files for the application
  app.css               --> default stylesheet
    components/           --> all app specific modules
  version/              --> version related components
    version.js                 --> version module declaration and basic "version" value service
    version_test.js            --> "version" value service tests
    version-directive.js       --> custom directive that returns the current app version
    version-directive_test.js  --> version directive tests
    interpolate-filter.js      --> custom interpolation filter      interpolate-filter_test.js --> interpolate filter tests
  view1/                --> the view1 view template and logic
    view1.html            --> the partial template
    view1.js              --> the controller logic
    view1_test.js         --> tests of the controller
  view2/                --> the view2 view template and logic
    view2.html            --> the partial template
    view2.js              --> the controller logic
    view2_test.js         --> tests of the controller
  app.js                --> main application module
  index.html            --> app layout file (the main html template file of the app)
  index-async.html      --> just like index.html, but loads js files asynchronously
karma.conf.js         --> config file for running unit tests with Karma
e2e-tests/            --> end-to-end tests
  protractor-conf.js    --> Protractor config file
  scenarios.js          --> end-to-end scenarios to be run by Protractor

这里,主要修改app.js以及view1文件夹相关文件,其中,view1将做为登陆界面。git

具体实现

实现登陆表单

一个简单实用的登陆表单的html文件:angularjs

<form name="loginForm" ng-controller="LoginController"
  ng-submit="login(credentials)" novalidate>

<label for="username">Username:</label>
<input type="text" id="username"
     ng-model="credentials.username">

<label for="password">Password:</label>
<input type="password" id="password"
     ng-model="credentials.password">

<button type="submit">Login</button>

</form>

将该表单代码放入view1.html中,而且修改view1.js为该表单添加对应的controller,即LoginController.以下:github

// controller
.controller('LoginController', function($scope, $rootScope, AUTH_EVENTS, AuthService) {
  $scope.credentials = {
     username : '',
     password : ''
};  
  $scope.login = function(credentials) {
    console.log('login', credentials);
    AuthService.login(credentials).then(function(user) {
        $rootScope.$broadcast(AUTH_EVENTS.loginSuccess);
        $scope.$parent.setCurrentUser(user);
    }, function() {
        $rootScope.$broadcast(AUTH_EVENTS.loginFailed);
    });
  };
})

这里的credentials存放用户信息,值得注意的是:这里$scope.login仅完成抽象逻辑,具体的逻辑实现依靠AuthService这样的service,在controller里面建议多使用抽象逻辑,而非具体的实现。c#


用户登陆状态记录

一般,用户的登陆状况会放置在服务器端的Session中,当用户在应用内跳转页面时,相应的状态会保留在Session中。这里先定义__用户登陆的状态__和__用户权限__,这里使用constants定义:api

//用户登陆状态
.constant('AUTH_EVENTS', {
  loginSuccess: 'auth-login-success',
  loginFailed: 'auth-login-failed',
  logoutSuccess: 'auth-logout-success',
  sessionTimeout: 'auth-session-timeout',
  notAuthenticated: 'auth-not-authenticated',
  notAuthorized: 'auth-not-authorized'
})

LoginController能够看出,constants能够像service同样方便注入;promise

//用户权限
.constant('USER_ROLES', {
  all: '*',
  admin: 'admin',
  editor: 'editor',
  guest: 'guest'
})

用户登陆状态和用户权限将保存在Session中。浏览器


登陆服务AuthService

将登陆实现以及用户权限管理统一交给AuthService,可在顶层模块中注册该服务,这里是app.js中的myApp模块。

.factory('AuthService', function ($http, Session) {
  var authService = {};
 
  authService.login = function (credentials) {

    //本地提供的服务,可用loopback快速搭建
    var api = $resource('http://localhost:3000/api/user_tests');
    
    //由于没有写服务端验证用户密码,使用save是为了方便;
    //这里,若是服务端已存在该credentials,返回的response会包含错误信息,可用来替代40一、403等;
    return api.save(credentials)
        .$promise
        .then(function(res) {
            Session.create(res.id, res.id,
                           res.Role);
            return res;
        });
  };
 
  authService.isAuthenticated = function () {
    return !!Session.userId;
  };
 
  authService.isAuthorized = function (authorizedRoles) {
    if (!angular.isArray(authorizedRoles)) {
      authorizedRoles = [authorizedRoles];
    }
    return (authService.isAuthenticated() &&
      authorizedRoles.indexOf(Session.userRole) !== -1);
  };
 
  return authService;
})

Session

用户登陆后,将服务器中关于用户的Session存储起来。

myApp模块中注册一个服务Session,用于存储服务端用户的Session。

.service('Session', function () {
  this.create = function (sessionId, userId, userRole) {
    this.id = sessionId;
    this.userId = userId;
    this.userRole = userRole;
  };
  this.destroy = function () {
    this.id = null;
    this.userId = null;
    this.userRole = null;
  };
})

用户信息

当用户登陆以后,用户的信息(用户名、id等)应该保存在哪里?

这里的作法是将用户对象currentUser保存在应用顶层模块myApp$scope中,因为它位于$scope根部,应用中任何$scope都继承它,子代$scope能够很方便地使用根的变量和方法。

.controller('ApplicationController', function ($scope, USER_ROLES, AuthService) {
  $scope.currentUser = null;
  $scope.userRoles = USER_ROLES;
  $scope.isAuthorized = AuthService.isAuthorized;
 
  $scope.setCurrentUser = function (user) {
    $scope.currentUser = user;
  };
})

首先声明currentUser以便在子代$scope中使用;由于在子代$scope中直接给currentUser赋值不会更新根部的currentUser,而是在当前$scope中新建一个currentUser(详细查询scope的继承),因此用setCurrentUser给根'$scope'的currentUser变量赋值。


访问控制

客户端不存在真正意义的访问控制,毕竟代码在客户端手中,这种工做一般是在服务端完成的,这里说的其实是显示控制(visibility control).

AngularJs隐藏信息

ng-showng-hide是对DOM进行操做,会增长浏览器负担;这里选择使用ng-ifng-switch

view2.html中插入:

<div ng-if="currentUser">Welcome, {{ currentUser.name }}</div>
<div ng-if="isAuthorized(userRoles.admin)">You're admin.</div>
<div ng-switch on="currentUser.role">
  <div ng-switch-when="userRoles.admin">You're admin.</div>
  <div ng-switch-when="userRoles.editor">You're editor.</div>
  <div ng-switch-default>You're something else.</div>
</div>

限制访问

有些页面仅容许具备权限的用户访问,这里须要限制其余用户的访问,在ui-router下能够经过传参进行限制,规定页面容许访问的角色:

.config(function ($stateProvider, USER_ROLES) {
  $stateProvider.state('dashboard', {
    url: '/dashboard',
    templateUrl: 'dashboard/index.html',
    data: {
      authorizedRoles: [USER_ROLES.admin, USER_ROLES.editor]
    }
  });
})

接下来,须要在每次页面改变前判断用户是否有权限访问,经过监听$stateChangeStart来实现:

.run(function ($rootScope, AUTH_EVENTS, AuthService) {
  $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeStart', function (event, next) {
    var authorizedRoles = next.data.authorizedRoles;
    if (!AuthService.isAuthorized(authorizedRoles)) {
      event.preventDefault();
      if (AuthService.isAuthenticated()) {
        // user is not allowed
        $rootScope.$broadcast(AUTH_EVENTS.notAuthorized);
      } else {
        // user is not logged in
        $rootScope.$broadcast(AUTH_EVENTS.notAuthenticated);
      }
    }
  });
})

若是用户 未登陆/无权限,将被限制在当前页面,发出 认证失败/受权失败 的广播;
以后,须要有相应的交互,如弹出登陆框,提醒用户完成登陆操做,或者弹出错误提示,告诉用户无权限访问相应的页面。

会话过时(Session expiration)

向服务器发送请求,若是出现非法访问等状况,服务端将返回HTTP response会包含相应的错误信息,例如:

  • 401 Unauthorized — 用户未登陆
  • 403 Forbidden — 已登陆,但无权限访问
  • 419 Authentication Timeout (non standard) — 会话过时
  • 440 Login Timeout (Microsoft only) — 会话过时

返回40一、41九、440时,须要弹出登陆框让用户登陆;
返回403时,须要弹出错误信息;
为了方便,这里的登陆框使用Angulardirective封装,提供一个叫LoginDialog的标签。

.config(function ($httpProvider) {
  $httpProvider.interceptors.push([
    '$injector',
    function ($injector) {
      return $injector.get('AuthInterceptor');
    }
  ]);
})
.factory('AuthInterceptor', function ($rootScope, $q,
                                      AUTH_EVENTS) {
  return {
    responseError: function (response) { 
      $rootScope.$broadcast({
        401: AUTH_EVENTS.notAuthenticated,
        403: AUTH_EVENTS.notAuthorized,
        419: AUTH_EVENTS.sessionTimeout,
        440: AUTH_EVENTS.sessionTimeout
      }[response.status], response);
      return $q.reject(response);
    }
  };
})

loginDialog的实现以下,经过监听AUTH_EVENTS.notAuthenticatedAUTH_EVENTS.sessionTimeout,当用户 未登陆/会话过时 时,将loginDialogvisible设为true,显示登陆框:

.directive('loginDialog', function (AUTH_EVENTS) {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    template: '<div ng-if="visible" ng-include="\'view1/view1.html\'">',
    link: function (scope) {
      var showDialog = function () {
        scope.visible = true;
      };
  
      scope.visible = false;
      scope.$on(AUTH_EVENTS.notAuthenticated, showDialog);
      scope.$on(AUTH_EVENTS.sessionTimeout, showDialog)
    }
  };
})

为方便测试,将其放入index.html中:

<body ng-controller='ApplicationController'>
  <div login-dialog ng-if="NotLoginPage"></div>
  <ul class="menu">
    <li><a href="#!/view1">view1</a></li>
    <li><a href="#!/view2">view2</a></li>
  </ul>
...

到这里,登陆涉及的主要模块已经完成。

本文主要参考:https://medium.com/opinionated-angularjs/techniques-for-authentication-in-angularjs-applications-7bbf0346acec#.kr5puik92

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