Kubeadm安装Kubernetes 1.15.1

时间  2019-11-18
标签 kubeadm 安装 kubernetes 1.15.1 繁體版
原文   原文链接

1、实验环境准备

  1. 服务器虚拟机准备
IP CPU 内存 hostname
192.168.198.200 >=2c >=2G master
192.168.198.201 >=2c >=2G node1
192.168.198.202 >=2c >=2G node2

本实验我这里用的VM是vmware workstation建立的，个人机器配置较低，因此master给了2G 2C，node每一个给了1G 2C，你们根据本身的资源状况，按照上面给的建议最低值建立便可。
注意：hostname不能有大写字母，好比Master这样的。node

  1. 软件版本
    系统：CentOS7.5.1804
    Kubernetes：1.15.1
    docker版本：18.06.1-ce

  2. 环境初始化操做
    3.1 配置hostname
    hostnamectl set-hostname master
    hostnamectl set-hostname node1
    hostnamectl set-hostname node2
    3.2 配置/etc/hosts
    echo "192.168.198.200 master" >> /etc/hosts
    echo "192.168.198.201 node1" >> /etc/hosts
    echo "192.168.198.202 node2" >> /etc/hosts
    3.3 关闭防火墙、selinux、swap
    //停防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld
    //关闭Selinux setenforce 0 sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/configlinux

    //关闭Swap
swapoff –a
注释掉/etc/fstab的swap行
# /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
    //加载br_netfilter
modprobe br_netfilter

     
    3.4 配置内核参数
    //配置sysctl内核参数 cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 EOF //生效文件 sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf //修改Linux 资源配置文件，调高ulimit最大打开数和systemctl管理的服务文件最大打开数 echo "* soft nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf echo "* hard nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf echo "* soft nproc 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf echo "* hard nproc 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf echo "* soft memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf echo "* hard memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf echo "DefaultLimitNOFILE=1024000" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf echo "DefaultLimitNPROC=1024000" >> /etc/systemd/system.confdocker

  3. 配置CentOS YUM源
    ```
    //配置国内tencent yum源地址、epel源地址、Kubernetes源地址
    mkdir -p /etc/yum.repo.d/repo.bak
    mv /etc/yum.repo.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repo.d/repo.bak
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/epel-7.repo
    yum clean all && yum makecachejson

    //配置国内Kubernetes源地址
    cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
    [kubernetes]
    name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    repo_gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
    EOF
    ```     vim

  4. 安装一些依赖软件包
    yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat curl iptables libseccomp bash-completion yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 net-tools conntrack-tools vim libtool-ltdl后端

  5. 时间同步配置
    yum install chrony –y systemctl enable chronyd.service && systemctl start chronyd.service && systemctl status chronyd.service chronyc sources
    运行date命令看下系统时间，过一下子时间就会同步。centos

  6. 配置节点间ssh互信
    配置ssh互信，那么节点之间就能无密访问，方便之后操做
    ssh-keygen //每台机器执行这个命令， 一路回车便可 ssh-copy-id node //到master上拷贝公钥到其余节点，这里须要输入 yes和密码api

  7. 以上操做后，所有重启一下。bash

 
 

2、docker安装

  1. 设置docker yum源
    yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo服务器

  2. 列出docker版本
    yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

  3. 安装docker 指定18.06.1
    yum install -y docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
    systemctl start docker

  4. 配置镜像加速器和docker数据存放路径
    tee /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://q2hy3fzi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "graph": "/tol/docker-data" } EOF

  5. 启动docker
    systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker

 
 

3、安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl（全部节点）

  1. 工具说明
  • kubeadm: 部署集群用的命令
  • kubelet: 在集群中每台机器上都要运行的组件，负责管理pod、容器的生命周期
  • kubectl: 集群管理工具
  1. yum 安装
    //安装工具 yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes //启动kubelet systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
    注意：kubelet 服务会暂时启动不了，先不用管它。

 
 

4、镜像下载准备

  1. 初始化获取要下载的镜像列表
    使用kubeadm来搭建Kubernetes，那么就须要下载获得Kubernetes运行的对应基础镜像，好比：kube- proxy、kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager等等 。那么有什么方法能够得知要下载哪些镜像 呢？从kubeadm v1.11+版本开始，增长了一个kubeadm config print-default 命令，可让咱们方便 的将kubeadm的默认配置输出到文件中，这个文件里就包含了搭建K8S对应版本须要的基础配置环境。另 外，咱们也能够执行 kubeadm config images list 命令查看依赖须要安装的镜像列表。

    [root@master ]# kubeadm config images list
W0806 17:29:06.709181  130077 version.go:98] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt": Get https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
W0806 17:29:06.709254  130077 version.go:99] falling back to the local client version: v1.15.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.1
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1
  2. 生成默认kubeadm.conf文件
    //执行这个命令就生成了一个kubeadm.conf文件 kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.conf

  3. 绕过墙下载镜像方法
    这个配置文件默认会从google的镜像仓库地址k8s.gcr.io下载镜像，下载不了。所以，咱们经过下面的方法把地址改为国内的，好比用阿里的：
    vim kubeadm.conf ... imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers //地址 kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: v1.15.1 //版本 ...

  4. 下载须要用到的镜像
    kubeadm.conf修改好后，咱们执行下面命令就能够自动从国内下载须要用到的镜像了
    kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.conf

  5. docker tag 镜像
    镜像下载好后，还须要tag下载好的镜像，让下载好的镜像都是带有 k8s.gcr.io 标识的，若是不打tag变成k8s.gcr.io，那么后面用kubeadm安装会出现问题，由于kubeadm里面只认 google自身的模式。打tag后删除带有 registry.aliyuncs.com 标识的镜像。下面把操做写在脚本里。
    ```
    #/bin/bash

    # 打tag
    docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.3.1 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1
    docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.15.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.1
    docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.15.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.1
    docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.1
    docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.15.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.1
    docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.3.10 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
    docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1

    # 删除带有 registry.aliyuncs.com 标识的镜像
    docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.3.1
    docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.15.1
    docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.15.1
    docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.1
    docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.15.1
    docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.3.10
    docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
    ```

  6. 查看下载的镜像列表
    [root@master ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager v1.15.1 d75082f1d121 2 weeks ago 159MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.15.1 68c3eb07bfc3 2 weeks ago 207MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.15.1 89a062da739d 2 weeks ago 82.4MB k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler v1.15.1 b0b3c4c404da 2 weeks ago 81.1MB k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.3.1 eb516548c180 6 months ago 40.3MB k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.3.10 2c4adeb21b4f 8 months ago 258MB k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.1 da86e6ba6ca1 19 months ago 742kB

 
 

5、部署master节点

  1. kubeadm init 初始化master节点
    kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.15.1 --pod-network-cidr=172.22.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.198.200
    这里咱们定义POD的网段为: 172.22.0.0/16 ，api server就是master本机IP地址。

  2. 初始化成功后，最后会显示以下
    ```
    Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

    To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

    mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
    sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
    sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

    You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
    Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
    https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

    Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

    kubeadm join 192.168.198.200:6443 --token 81i5bj.qwo2gfiqafmr6g6s --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:aef745fb87e366993ad20c0586c2828eca9590c29738ef....
    ``kubeadm join 192.168.198.200:6443 --token 81i5bj.qwo2gfiqafmr6g6s --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:aef745fb87e366993ad20c0586c2828eca9590c29738ef.... `
    最后这个记录下，到时候添加node的时候要用到。

    同时/etc/kubernetes/会生成下面的文件
    [root@master ~]# ll /etc/kubernetes/ 总用量 36 -rw------- 1 root root 5451 8月 5 15:12 admin.conf -rw------- 1 root root 5491 8月 5 15:12 controller-manager.conf -rw------- 1 root root 5459 8月 5 15:12 kubelet.conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 113 8月 5 15:12 manifests drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 8月 5 15:12 pki -rw------- 1 root root 5435 8月 5 15:12 scheduler.conf

  3. 验证测试
    配置kubectl命令
    mkdir -p /root/.kube
    cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config
    执行获取pods列表命令，查看相关状态
    [root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system coredns-5c98db65d4-rrpgm 0/1 Pending 0 5d18h kube-system coredns-5c98db65d4-xg5cc 0/1 Pending 0 5d18h kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 5d18h kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 5d18h kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 5d18h kube-system kube-proxy-8vf84 1/1 Running 0 5d18h kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 5d18h
    其中coredns pod处于Pending状态，这个先无论
    也能够执行 kubectl get cs 查看集群的健康状态
    [root@master ~]# kubectl get cs NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR scheduler Healthy ok controller-manager Healthy ok etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
     
     

    6、部署calico网络 （在master上执行）

    calico介绍：Calico是一个纯三层的方案，其好处是它整合了各类云原平生台(Docker、Mesos与OpenStack等)每一个Kubernetes节点上经过Linux Kernel有的L3 forwarding功能来实现vRouter功能。

  4. 下载calico 官方镜像
    这里要下载三个镜像，分别是calico-node:v3.1.四、calico-cni:v3.1.四、calico-typha:v3.1.4
    直接运行 docker pull 下载便可
    docker pull calico/node:v3.1.4 docker pull calico/cni:v3.1.4 docker pull calico/typha:v3.1.4

  5. tag 这三个calico镜像
    docker tag calico/node:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/node:v3.1.4 docker tag calico/cni:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/cni:v3.1.4 docker tag calico/typha:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/typha:v3.1.4

  6. 删除原有镜像
    docker rmi calico/node:v3.1.4 docker rmi calico/cni:v3.1.4 docker rmi calico/typha:v3.1.4

  7. 部署calico
    4.1 下载执行rbac-kdd.yaml文件
    curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/rbac-kdd.yaml -O
    kubectl apply -f rbac-kdd.yaml

    4.2 下载、配置calico.yaml文件
    curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubernetes-datastore/policy-only/1.7/calico.yaml -O

    把ConfigMap 下的 typha_service_name 值由none变成 calico-typha
    kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: calico-config namespace: kube-system data: # To enable Typha, set this to "calico-typha" *and* set a non-zero value for Typha replicas # below. We recommend using Typha if you have more than 50 nodes. Above 100 nodes it is # essential. #typha_service_name: "none" #before typha_service_name: "calico-typha" #after
    设置 Deployment 类目的 spec 下的replicas值为1
    apiVersion: apps/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: calico-typha namespace: kube-system labels: k8s-app: calico-typha spec: # Number of Typha replicas. To enable Typha, set this to a non-zero value *and* set the # typha_service_name variable in the calico-config ConfigMap above. # # We recommend using Typha if you have more than 50 nodes. Above 100 nodes it is essential # (when using the Kubernetes datastore). Use one replica for every 100-200 nodes. In # production, we recommend running at least 3 replicas to reduce the impact of rolling upgrade. #replicas: 0 #before replicas: 1 #after revisionHistoryLimit: 2 template: metadata:
    4.3 定义POD网段
    咱们找到CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR，而后值修改为以前定义好的POD网段，我这里是172.22.0.0/16
    - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR value: "172.22.0.0/16"
    4.4 开启bird模式
    把 CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND 值设置为 bird ，这个值是设置BGP网络后端模式
    - name: CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND #value: "none" value: "bird"
    4.5 部署calico.yaml文件
    上面参数设置调优完毕，咱们执行下面命令完全部署calico
    kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
     
     

    7、部署node节点

  8. 下载安装镜像（在node上执行）
    node上也是须要下载安装一些镜像的，须要下载的镜像为：kube-proxy:v1.1三、pause:3.一、calico-node:v3.1.四、calico-cni:v3.1.四、calico-typha:v3.1.4
    1.1 下载镜像，打tag，删除原镜像
    ```
    docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
    docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
    docker pull calico/node:v3.1.4
    docker pull calico/cni:v3.1.4
    docker pull calico/typha:v3.1.4

    docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
    docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
    docker tag calico/node:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/node:v3.1.4
    docker tag calico/cni:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/cni:v3.1.4
    docker tag calico/typha:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/typha:v3.1.4

    docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
    docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
    docker rmi calico/node:v3.1.4
    docker rmi calico/cni:v3.1.4
    docker rmi calico/typha:v3.1.4
    1.2 把node加入集群里 在node上运行 `kubeadm join 192.168.198.200:6443 --token 81i5bj.qwo2gfiqafmr6g6s \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:aef745fb87e366993ad20c0586c2828eca9590c29738ef....` 运行完后，咱们在master节点上运行 kubectl get nodes 命令查看node是否正常
    [root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
    NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
    master Ready master 5d19h v1.15.1
    node1 Ready 5d18h v1.15.1
    node2 Ready 5d18h v1.15.1
    ```

总结

到此，k8s就部署完成了。

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