Ansible批量自动化管理工具（二）

时间  2019-11-26
标签 ansible 批量 自动化 管理 工具 栏目 测试自动化 繁體版
原文   原文链接

Ansible批量自动化管理工具（二）

连接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1A3Iq3gGkGS27L_Gt37_I0g
提取码：ncy2
复制这段内容后打开百度网盘手机App，操做更方便哦html

1.工具与环境介绍

1.1 ansible简介

  • 批量管理服务器的工具
  • 无需部署agent，经过ssh进行管理
  • 流行的自动化运维工具：https://github.com/ansible/ansible

1.2 jenkins简介

  • 可视化运维（主要用在可视化部署）
  • 持续构建，能够和git，svn结合
  • 可结合ssh实现可视化运维
  • 可结合ansible实现可视化运维

1.3检查环境

[root@server ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 
[root@server ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@server ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64

2.Python3与ansible的安装

2.1 使用源码安装Python3.5

2.1.1安装支持包

[root@Ansible ~]# yum -y install lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel unzip zlib-devel zlib openssl-devel openssl

[root@Ansible ~]# rpm -qa lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel unzip zlib-devel zlib openssl-devel openssl
gcc-c++-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64
ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64
ncurses-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64
openssl-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64
openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64
unzip-6.0-19.el7.x86_64
zlib-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64
zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64
lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64

2.1.2源码编译Python3.5

[root@Ansible yang]# pwd
/yang
[root@Ansible yang]# ls
Python-3.5.2.tgz
[root@Ansible yang]# tar xf Python-3.5.2.tgz -C /usr/src/  #解压缩
[root@Ansible yang]# cd /usr/src/Python-3.5.2/
[root@Ansible Python-3.5.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python/           #源码编译
#如下省略。。。
[root@Ansible Python-3.5.2]# make && make install
#如下省略。。。
[root@Ansible Python-3.5.2]# ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3      #创建软链接
[root@Ansible Python-3.5.2]# which python3
/usr/bin/python3
[root@Ansible Python-3.5.2]# python3 -V  python的版本号
Python 3.5.2

2.2 使用pip3安装ansible

2.2.1安装ansible最新版本

[root@Ansible Python-3.5.2]# /usr/local/python/bin/pip3 install ansible
#如下省略。。。

2.2.2建立软链接

[root@Ansible Python-3.5.2]# ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/ansible /usr/local/bin/
[root@Ansible Python-3.5.2]# which ansible
/usr/local/bin/ansible

[root@Ansible Python-3.5.2]# ansible --version
ansible 2.6.4    #ansible版本
  config file = None
  configured module search path = ['/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /usr/local/python/lib/python3.5/site-packages/ansible
  executable location = /usr/local/bin/ansible
  python version = 3.5.2 (default, Sep  6 2018, 22:33:20) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)]

2.3 ansible查看帮助

[root@ansible ~]# /usr/local/python/bin/ansible-doc -l  #查看总帮助 
[root@ansible ~]# /usr/local/python/bin/ansible-doc -s shell     #查看shell模块的帮助 
[root@ansible ~]# /usr/local/python/bin/ansible-doc -s raw

3.使用公私钥实现ssh无密码登录

  • ansible是无agent的，无agent是怎么批量管理服务器的？主要是借用ssh来批量管理服务器。
  • ssh默认登录是须要密码的，因此管理起来比较麻烦，这节课主要是介绍ssh的无密码登录。
  • ssh无密码登录实现之后，使用ansible批量管理服务器就变得简单了
Host IP
ansible 192.168.200.73
web01 192.168.200.74
web02 192.168.200.75

3.1生成密钥对

[root@Ansible ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P ""
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:AyXvTyhwFx6yOSXrzVUBcmGCzjmgoLjo51Yn+XVdmbk root@Ansible
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|      +.B =oo.   |
|.   . .% B .     |
|o. ..+B.+ .     +|
|o .  +=B o     = |
|..    +.S . . . .|
|o    + o = . . E |
|.   . + . o      |
| . o   .         |
|  +.             |
+----[SHA256]-----+

3.2分发密钥到 Web01

[root@Ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 192.168.200.74   #Web01的IP
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.200.74's password:    Web01的登陆密码

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh -o ' StrictHostKeyChecking=no' '192.168.200.74'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

3.3进行免密码登录测试

[root@Ansible ~]# hostname -I
192.168.200.73 
[root@Ansible ~]# ssh 192.168.200.74
Last login: Thu Sep  6 22:16:49 2018 from 192.168.200.1
[root@Web01 ~]# hostname -I
192.168.200.74 
[root@Web01 ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.200.74 closed.

4.ansible的简单配置和ping模块

4.1 ansible的配置文件

[root@Ansible ~]# mkdir -p /etc/ansible
[root@Ansible ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts     #ansible主机管理配置文件
[nginx]          #被管理的主机组名称 
Web01 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.200.74 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_user=root     #第一台主机
Web02 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.200.75 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=111111    #第二台主机

特别提示：
Web01  ===> 主机名
ansible_ssh_host ===>主机IP
ansible_ssh_port ===>ssh的默认端口
ansible_ssh_user ===>ssh的用户名
ansible_ssh_pass ===>ssh的用户的链接密码

若是咱们已经设置了ssh免密钥了。那么就不须要写密码了。例如：Web01
咱们要是没有设置免密钥，那么就须要安装sshpass工具，并在/etc/ansible/hosts文件里写上主机的链接密码。例如Web02python

#下载epel源安装sshpass
root@Ansibl ~]# yum -y install wget
[root@ansible ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@ansible ~]# yum -y install sshpass
[root@ansible ~]# which sshpass
/usr/bin/sshpass
#修改ssh配置文件
[root@ansible ~]# sed -n '35p' /etc/ssh/ssh_config
#   StrictHostKeyChecking ask
[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ssh/ssh_config
[root@ansible ~]# sed -n '35p' /etc/ssh/ssh_config
   StrictHostKeyChecking no     #去掉注释，修改为这样
#重启ssh服务
[root@ansible ~]# systemctl reload sshd.service

4.2 进行ansible远程执行命令测试

#进行ping模块的链接测试
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible nginx -m ping
Web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
Web02 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

4.3ansible的简单使用方式

ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts 主机或主机组 -m 指定模块 -a 命令linux

4.4使用ping模块用来查看服务器是否链接正常，ping模块不须要-a指定参数

ansible all -m pingnginx

主机组，主机，all表明全部c++

4.4.1主机和主机组注意事项：

主机组范围 解释
all 表明全部主机
Web01:Web02 能够指定多台主机
all:!Web01 指定all但不包含Web02，注意！前须要加转意符号\

4.4.2操做测试

[root@Ansible ~]# ansible Web01 -m ping
Web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible all -m ping
Web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
Web02 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible Web01:Web02 -m ping
Web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
Web02 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible all:\!Web01 -m ping
Web02 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible Web01:Web02 -m command -a 'uptime'
Web02 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
 23:14:40 up  1:16,  3 users,  load average: 0.05, 0.03, 0.05

Web01 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
 23:14:40 up  1:16,  3 users,  load average: 0.06, 0.03, 0.05

5.ansible的三个命令模块

5.1 ansible模块command（不支持管道，不建议使用）

#command支持直接回显命令的执行结果
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m command -a "pwd"
Web01 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
/root
Web02 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
/root

#command模块不支持管道符操做
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m command -a "echo test | grep t"
Web01 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
test | grep t
Web02 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
test | grep t

#command模块不支持重定向操做
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m command -a "echo bb >> /tmp/testansible"
Web01 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
bb >> /tmp/testansible
Web02 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
bb >> /tmp/testansible

5.2 ansible模块shell（支持管道，支持重定向）

#shell模块支持管道符
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "echo testansible | grep a"
Web01 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
testansible
Web02 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
testansible

#shell支持重定向
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "echo bb >> /tmp/testansible"
Web01 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Web02 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
[root@Web01 tmp]# cat testansible 
bb
[root@Web02 tmp]# cat testansible 
bb

#若是遇到特殊符号须要加入\转义，这样子ansible才能正常运行
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "cat /etc/passwd | awk -F":" '{print \$1}'"
Web01 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
systemd-network
dbus
polkitd
sshd
postfix
chrony

Web02 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
systemd-network
dbus
polkitd
sshd
postfix
chrony

5.3 ansible模块raw，最原始的方式运行命令（不依赖python，仅经过ssh实现）

5.3.1清除yum缓存

[root@Ansible ~]# ansible all -m raw -a "yum -y clean all"
Web02 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Shared connection to 192.168.200.75 closed.


Web01 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Shared connection to 192.168.200.74 closed.

5.3.2创建yum缓存

[root@Ansible ~]# ansible all -m raw -a "yum makecache"
Web02 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
#中间省略。。。   
Metadata Cache Created
Shared connection to 192.168.200.75 closed.


Web01 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
#中间省略。。。 
Metadata Cache Created
Shared connection to 192.168.200.74 closed.

5.3.3yum装nmap包

[root@Ansible ~]# ansible all -m raw -a "yum -y install nmap"
#如下省略。。。

5.3.4 查看安装结果

[root@Web01 ~]# which nmap
/usr/bin/nmap
[root@Web02 ~]# which nmap
/usr/bin/nmap

6.ansible的copy模块批量下发文件或文件夹

6.1 copy模块概述

6.1.1copy模块的参数,ansible 主机组 -m 模块 -a 命令

  • src：指定源文件或目录
  • dest：指定目标服务器的文件或目录
  • backup：是否要备份
  • owner：拷贝到目标服务器后，文件或目录的所属用户
  • group：拷贝到目标服务器后，文件或目录的所属群组
  • mode：文件或目录的权限

6.1.2准备工做

[root@Ansible ~]# mkdir yangwenbo
[root@Ansible ~]# cd yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# echo "welcome to yunjisuan161" > yunwei
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat yunwei 
welcome to yunjisuan161

6.1.3全部被管理端节点必须安装libselinux-python包

[root@Web01 ~]# yum -y install libselinux-python
[root@Web01 ~]# rpm -qa libselinux-python
libselinux-python-2.5-12.el7.x86_64

[root@Web02 ~]# yum -y install libselinux-python
[root@Web02 ~]# rpm -qa libselinux-python
libselinux-python-2.5-12.el7.x86_64

6.2 copy模块拷贝文件

特别提示：git

  • 若是目标路径不存在会自动建立
  • src===>源文件路径 dest=目标路径位置
#拷贝文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible all -m copy -a "src=/root/yangwenbo/yunwei dest=/root/yangwenbo/"
Web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "4775b9cf454d1817e252f0678c06d64bc214da1c",
    "dest": "/root/yangwenbo/yunwei",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "38b35e7d3f5c75583ce5e1ee5838a396",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 24,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1536310826.228977-17143783285290/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}
Web02 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "4775b9cf454d1817e252f0678c06d64bc214da1c",
    "dest": "/root/yangwenbo/yunwei",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "38b35e7d3f5c75583ce5e1ee5838a396",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 24,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1536310826.2419605-39881113399031/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

#检查拷贝结果
[root@Web01 ~]# cd yangwenbo/
[root@Web01 yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Web01 yangwenbo]# cat yunwei 
welcome to yunjisuan161

[root@Web02 ~]# cd yangwenbo/
[root@Web02 yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Web02  yangwenbo]# cat yunwei 
welcome to yunjisuan161

6.3 copy模块拷贝文件夹

特别提示：若是目标路径里有与我拷贝的文件同名文件的话，会直接覆盖目标路径下的文件github

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat yunwei 
welcome to yunjisuan161
#拷贝文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible Web01 -m copy -a "src=/root/yangwenbo/ dest=/root/yangwenbo/"
Web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "checksum": "4775b9cf454d1817e252f0678c06d64bc214da1c",
    "dest": "/root/yangwenbo/yunwei",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "path": "/root/yangwenbo/yunwei",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 24,
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

#检查拷贝结果
[root@Web01 yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Web01 yangwenbo]# cat yunwei 
welcome to yunjisuan161

6.4 copy模块自动备份

特别提示：参数：backup=yes ===>意思是，若是目标路径下，有与我同名但不一样内容的文件时，在覆盖前，对目标文件先进行备份。web

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat yunwei 
hello
#拷贝文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible Web01 -m copy -a "src=/root/yangwenbo/ dest=/root/yangwenbo/ backup=yes"
Web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "backup_file": "/root/yangwenbo/yunwei.1990.2018-09-07@05:30:28~",
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "f572d396fae9206628714fb2ce00f72e94f2258f",
    "dest": "/root/yangwenbo/yunwei",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "b1946ac92492d2347c6235b4d2611184",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 6,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1536312626.9388444-271698353874697/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

#检查拷贝结果
[root@Web01 yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Web01 yangwenbo]# ls
yunwei  yunwei.1990.2018-09-07@05:30:28~
[root@Web01 yangwenbo]# cat yunwei
hello
[root@Web01 yangwenbo]# cat yunwei.1990.2018-09-07\@05\:30\:28~ 
welcome to yunjisuan161

6.5 copy模块指定用户和属主

#拷贝文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible Web02 -m copy -a "src=/root/yangwenbo/ dest=/root/yangwenbo/ owner=nobody group=nobody mode=0600"
Web02 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "f572d396fae9206628714fb2ce00f72e94f2258f",
    "dest": "/root/yangwenbo/yunwei",
    "gid": 99,
    "group": "nobody",
    "md5sum": "b1946ac92492d2347c6235b4d2611184",
    "mode": "0600",
    "owner": "nobody",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 6,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1536312849.3372185-152360920901702/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 99
}

#检查拷贝结果
[root@Web02 yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Web02 yangwenbo]# ls
yunwei
[root@Web02 yangwenbo]# cat yunwei 
hello
[root@Web02 yangwenbo]# ll
total 4
-rw-------. 1 nobody nobody 6 Sep  7 05:34 yunwei

7.ansible的script模块批量运行脚本

ansible的script模块可以实现远程服务器批量运行本地的shell脚本。shell

#操做示例-->远程批量分发并自动部署nginx
#全部被管理端须要挂载光盘，并建立本地yum配置文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ls | xargs -n1
auto_nginx.sh             #自动安装nginx脚本
fenfa.sh                  #批量分发脚本
nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz       #nginx源码包

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat auto_nginx.sh      #自动安装nginx脚本
#!/bin/sh
#nginx install shell scripts
test -d /media/cdrom || mkdir -p /media/cdrom
mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom &>/dev/null
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl  openssl-devel &>/dev/null
test -d /root/yangwenbo || exit 3
cd /root/yangwenbo/
tar xf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
cd /usr/src/nginx-1.10.2/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
exit 0

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat fenfa.sh     #源码包和安装脚本的批量分发脚本
#!/bin/sh
#批量分发脚本

Group=$1
ansible $Group -m copy -a "src=/root/yangwenbo/ dest=/root/yangwenbo/"
ansible $Group -m script -a "/root/yangwenbo/auto_nginx.sh"
#激活脚本
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# sh fenfa.sh all
Web02 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/root/yangwenbo/",
    "src": "/root/yangwenbo/"
}
Web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/root/yangwenbo/",
    "src": "/root/yangwenbo/"
}
Web02 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.200.75 closed.\r\n",
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to 192.168.200.75 closed."
    ],
    "stdout": "",
    "stdout_lines": []
}
Web01 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.200.74 closed.\r\n",
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to 192.168.200.74 closed."
    ],
    "stdout": "",
    "stdout_lines": []
}
#检查脚本执行结果
[root@Web01 ~]# ll -d /usr/local/nginx
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 54 Sep  7 06:00 /usr/local/nginx

[root@Web02 ~]# ll -d /usr/local/nginx
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 54 Sep  7 06:00 /usr/local/nginx

此脚本只是个演示示例，工做中须要写的尽可能严谨一些vim

8.ansible-playbook的初步使用

playbook的使用，playbook能够把ansible的模块进行组合

#设置ansible-playbook的软链接
[root@Ansible /]# ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/ansible-playbook /usr/local/bin/
[root@Ansible /]# which ansible-playbook
/usr/local/bin/ansible-playbook

8.1 playbook的简单shell模块的使用

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_shell.yaml    #playbook的执行模板 
---         #开头三个小-开头
- hosts: Web01   
  tasks:        
  - name: test
    shell: echo "welcome to yunjisaun" >> /tmp/username
  - name: test2
    shell: echo "welcome to yunjisuan" >> /tmp/username

模板说明：
---             #开头必须有三个小-，顶格写
- hosts：       #正文配置代码的第一级，必须有两个空格（-占一个空格位）
- host: Web01   #Web01是host参数的值，值和hosts：之间要有一个空格
  tasks:        #tasks：表示接下来要执行的具体任务
  - name:       #相对于tasks再多缩进两个格（-占一个空格位），表示属于tasks的下一级
  - name: test  #test只是要执行的具体命令的名字能够随便写。name:后仍是有一个空格要注意
    shell:      #表示调用shell模块执行命令相对于tasks仍旧要多缩进两个空格
    shell: echo "xxx" >> xxx     #shell:后边仍是要有个空格，须要注意。
#执行playbook配置文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible-playbook test_shell.yaml

PLAY [Web01] ***********************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************
ok: [Web01]

TASK [test] ************************************************************************************
changed: [Web01]

TASK [test2] ***********************************************************************************
changed: [Web01]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************
Web01                      : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0
#执行结果
[root@Web01 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web01 tmp]# ls
username
[root@Web01 tmp]# cat username 
welcome to yunjisaun
welcome to yunjisuan

8.2 playbook的简单copy模块的使用

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# echo "welcom to yunjisuan" >> /root/yangwenbo/test_copy
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_copy 
welcom to yunjisuan

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_copy.yaml     #playbook的执行模板 
---
- hosts: Web02
  tasks:
  - name: test copy
    copy: src=/root/yangwenbo/test_copy dest=/tmp/
#执行playbook配置文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible-playbook test_copy.yaml 

PLAY [Web02] ***********************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************
ok: [Web02]

TASK [test copy] *******************************************************************************
changed: [Web02]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************
Web02                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
#执行结果
[root@Web02 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web02 tmp]# ls
test_copy
[root@Web02 tmp]# cat test_copy 
welcom to yunjisuan

8.3 playbook使用register输出命令运行结果

咱们在用playbook进行ansible模块操做的时候，并无命令的执行结果输出，默认被隐藏
咱们能够经过register模块最加输出命令的执行结果

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_register.yaml    #playbook的执行模板
---
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: test register
    shell: echo "hi Tom" >> /tmp/registers
    register: print_result       #将以前命令的输出结果保存在变量print_result里
  - debug: var=print_result      #将变量的值做为debug输出出来
#执行playbook配置文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible-playbook test_register.yaml

PLAY [all] *************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************
ok: [Web01]
ok: [Web02]

TASK [test register] ***************************************************************************
changed: [Web02]
changed: [Web01]

TASK [debug] ***********************************************************************************
ok: [Web01] => {
    "print_result": {
        "changed": true,
        "cmd": "echo \"hi Tom\" >> /tmp/registers",
        "delta": "0:00:00.007286",
        "end": "2018-09-07 23:43:38.967375",
        "failed": false,
        "rc": 0,
        "start": "2018-09-07 23:43:38.960089",
        "stderr": "",
        "stderr_lines": [],
        "stdout": "",
        "stdout_lines": []
    }
}
ok: [Web02] => {
    "print_result": {
        "changed": true,
        "cmd": "echo \"hi Tom\" >> /tmp/registers",
        "delta": "0:00:00.006651",
        "end": "2018-09-07 23:43:38.957825",
        "failed": false,
        "rc": 0,
        "start": "2018-09-07 23:43:38.951174",
        "stderr": "",
        "stderr_lines": [],
        "stdout": "",
        "stdout_lines": []
    }
}

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************
Web01                      : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0   
Web02                      : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
#执行结果
[root@Web01 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web01 tmp]# ls
registers
[root@Web01 tmp]# cat registers 
hi Tom

[root@Web02 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web02 tmp]# ls
registers
[root@Web02 tmp]# cat registers 
hi Tom

8.4 nginx配置下发并检测

[root@Ansible tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Ansible tmp]# ls
nginx.conf
[root@Ansible tmp]# cat nginx.conf  #nginx的配置文件
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.yangwenbo.com; 
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
}

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_nginx_conf.yaml     #playbook的执行模板
---
- hosts: all
  tasks:
  - name: copy nginx.conf
    copy: src=/tmp/nginx.conf dest=/usr/local/nginx/conf/ backup=yes
  - name:
    shell: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
    register: nginx_result
  - debug: var=nginx_result
#执行playbook配置文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible-playbook test_nginx_conf.yaml 

PLAY [all] *************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************
ok: [Web01]
ok: [Web02]

TASK [copy nginx.conf] *************************************************************************
changed: [Web02]
changed: [Web01]

TASK [shell] ***********************************************************************************
changed: [Web02]
changed: [Web01]

TASK [debug] ***********************************************************************************
ok: [Web01] => {
    "nginx_result": {
        "changed": true,
        "cmd": "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t",
        "delta": "0:00:00.720120",
        "end": "2018-09-07 23:14:53.043060",
        "failed": false,
        "rc": 0,
        "start": "2018-09-07 23:14:52.322940",
        "stderr": "nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok\nnginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful",
        "stderr_lines": [
            "nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok",      #提示nginx配置文件正常
            "nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful"
        ],
        "stdout": "",
        "stdout_lines": []
    }
}
ok: [Web02] => {
    "nginx_result": {
        "changed": true,
        "cmd": "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t",
        "delta": "0:00:00.628406",
        "end": "2018-09-07 23:14:52.966781",
        "failed": false,
        "rc": 0,
        "start": "2018-09-07 23:14:52.338375",
        "stderr": "nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok\nnginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful",
        "stderr_lines": [
            "nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok",      #提示nginx配置文件正常
            "nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful"
        ],
        "stdout": "",
        "stdout_lines": []
    }
}

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************
Web01                      : ok=4    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0   
Web02                      : ok=4    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0
#执行结果
[root@Web01 /]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.yangwenbo.com; 
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
}

[root@Web02 /]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.yangwenbo.com; 
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
}

9.playbook的自定义变量和内置变量

9.1 在Playbook中使用自定义变量

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_vars.yaml    #playbook的执行模板
---
- hosts: all
  vars:        #定义变量
  - names: "yunjisuan"      #第一个name变量
    age: "3"                #第二个age变量
  tasks:
  - name: "{{ names }}"     #{{}}两对大括号引用变量，变量名两头空格
    shell: echo "myname {{ names }},myage {{ age }}" >> /tmp/bianliang
    register: var_result
  - debug: var=var_result

#特别提示：引用变量须要在双引号中引用。
#执行playbook配置文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible-playbook test_vars.yaml 

PLAY [all] **************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************
ok: [Web01]
ok: [Web02]

TASK [yunjisuan] ********************************************************************************
changed: [Web01]
changed: [Web02]

TASK [debug] ************************************************************************************
ok: [Web01] => {
    "var_result": {
        "changed": true,
        "cmd": "echo \"myname yunjisuan,myage 3\" >> /tmp/bianliang",
        "delta": "0:00:00.007237",
        "end": "2018-09-07 23:37:10.839684",
        "failed": false,
        "rc": 0,
        "start": "2018-09-07 23:37:10.832447",
        "stderr": "",
        "stderr_lines": [],
        "stdout": "",
        "stdout_lines": []
    }
}
ok: [Web02] => {
    "var_result": {
        "changed": true,
        "cmd": "echo \"myname yunjisuan,myage 3\" >> /tmp/bianliang",
        "delta": "0:00:00.009848",
        "end": "2018-09-07 23:37:10.859020",
        "failed": false,
        "rc": 0,
        "start": "2018-09-07 23:37:10.849172",
        "stderr": "",
        "stderr_lines": [],
        "stdout": "",
        "stdout_lines": []
    }
}

PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************
Web01                      : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0   
Web02                      : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
#执行结果
[root@Web01 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web01 tmp]# ls
bianliang
[root@Web01 tmp]# cat bianliang 
myname yunjisuan,myage 3

[root@Web02 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web02 tmp]# ls
bianliang
[root@Web02 tmp]# cat bianliang 
myname yunjisuan,myage 3

9.2在playbook中使用ansible内置变量

咱们可使用ansible all -m setup | less查看ansible内置变量

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_setupvars.yaml   #playbook的执行模板
---
- hosts: all
  gather_facts: True    #使用ansible内置变量
  tasks:
  - name: setup var
    shell: echo "ip {{ ansible_all_ipv4_addresses[0] }} cpu {{ ansible_processor_count }}" >> /tmp/test
  - name: setup var2
    shell: echo "time {{ ansible_date_time["date"] }}" >> /tmp/test
    register: var_result
  - debug: var=var_result
#执行playbook配置文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible-playbook test_setupvars.yaml

PLAY [all] *************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************
ok: [Web01]
ok: [Web02]

TASK [setup var] *******************************************************************************
changed: [Web02]
changed: [Web01]

TASK [setup var2] ******************************************************************************
changed: [Web01]
changed: [Web02]

TASK [debug] ***********************************************************************************
ok: [Web01] => {
    "var_result": {
        "changed": true,
        "cmd": "echo \"time 2018-09-07\" >> /tmp/test",
        "delta": "0:00:00.005305",
        "end": "2018-09-07 23:49:33.178900",
        "failed": false,
        "rc": 0,
        "start": "2018-09-07 23:49:33.173595",
        "stderr": "",
        "stderr_lines": [],
        "stdout": "",
        "stdout_lines": []
    }
}
ok: [Web02] => {
    "var_result": {
        "changed": true,
        "cmd": "echo \"time 2018-09-07\" >> /tmp/test",
        "delta": "0:00:00.005363",
        "end": "2018-09-07 23:49:33.230051",
        "failed": false,
        "rc": 0,
        "start": "2018-09-07 23:49:33.224688",
        "stderr": "",
        "stderr_lines": [],
        "stdout": "",
        "stdout_lines": []
    }
}

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************
Web01                      : ok=4    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0   
Web02                      : ok=4    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0
#执行结果
[root@Web01 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web01 tmp]# ls
test
[root@Web01 tmp]# cat test 
ip 192.168.200.74 cpu 1
time 2018-09-07

[root@Web02 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web02 tmp]# ls
test
[root@Web02 tmp]# cat test 
ip 192.168.200.75 cpu 1
time 2018-09-07

10.Playbook下发可变配置文件

配置文件若是使用copy模块去下发的话，那配置都是同样的；
若是下发的配置文件里有可变的配置，须要用到template模块。

10.1 利用template模块下发可变的配置文件

[root@Ansible tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Ansible tmp]# ls
test
[root@Ansible tmp]# cat test 
my name is {{ myname }}       #自定义变量
my name is {{ ansible_all_ipv4_addresses[0] }}    #系统变量

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_filevars.yaml    #playbook的执行模板
---
- hosts: all
  gather_facts: True       #开启系统变量
  vars:
  - myname: "yunjisuan"    #自定义变量
  tasks:
  - name: template test
    template: src=/tmp/test dest=/tmp/test     #使用template下发可变配置文件
#执行playbook配置文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible-playbook test_filevars.yaml

PLAY [all] *************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************
ok: [Web01]
ok: [Web02]

TASK [template test] ***************************************************************************
changed: [Web01]
changed: [Web02]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************
Web01                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0   
Web02                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
#执行结果
[root@Web01 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web01 tmp]# ls
test
[root@Web01 tmp]# cat test 
my name is yunjisuan
my name is 192.168.200.74

[root@Web02 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web02 tmp]# ls
test
[root@Web02 tmp]# cat test 
my name is yunjisuan
my name is 192.168.200.75

10.2 下发配置文件里面使用判断语法

10.2.1 PORT存在有值

[root@Ansible tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Ansible tmp]# ls
if.j2
[root@Ansible tmp]# cat if.j2 
{% if PORT %}       #if PORT存在
ip=0.0.0.0:{{ PORT }}
{% else %}          #不然的话
ip=0.0.0.0:80
{% endif %}         #结尾

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_ifvars.yaml   #playbook的执行模板
---
- hosts: all
  gather_facts: True    #开启系统内置变量
  vars:
  - PORT: 90            #自定义变量
  tasks:
  - name: jinja2 if test
    template: src=/tmp/if.j2 dest=/root/test
#执行playbook配置文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible-playbook test_ifvars.yaml

PLAY [all] *************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************
ok: [Web02]
ok: [Web01]

TASK [jinja2 if test] **************************************************************************
changed: [Web01]
changed: [Web02]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************
Web01                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0   
Web02                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
#执行结果
[root@Web01 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web01 tmp]# ls
test
[root@Web01 tmp]# cat test 
       
ip=0.0.0.0:90

[root@Web02 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web02 tmp]# ls
test
[root@Web02 tmp]# cat test 
       
ip=0.0.0.0:90

10.2.2若是将变量PORT值为空的话，就会是另外的结果

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_ifvars.yaml   #playbook的执行模板
---
- hosts: all
  gather_facts: True   
  vars:
  - PORT:   #置为空
  tasks:
  - name: jinja2 if test
    template: src=/tmp/if.j2 dest=/root/test
#执行playbook配置文件
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# ansible-playbook test_ifvars.yaml

PLAY [all] *************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************
ok: [Web01]
ok: [Web02]

TASK [jinja2 if test] **************************************************************************
changed: [Web01]
changed: [Web02]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************
Web01                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0   
Web02                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
#执行结果
[root@Web01 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web01 tmp]# ls
test
[root@Web01 tmp]# cat test 
          
ip=0.0.0.0:80

[root@Web02 tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Web02 tmp]# ls
test
[root@Web02 tmp]# cat test 
          
ip=0.0.0.0:80

11.Playbook的notify通知和下发nginx配置（简介）

#实战下发可执行动做的可变的nginx配置文件
[root@Ansible tmp]# pwd
/tmp
[root@Ansible tmp]# ls
nginx.j2
[root@Ansible tmp]# cat nginx.j2 
worker_processes  {{ ansible_processor_count }};      #可变的参数

[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# pwd
/root/yangwenbo
[root@Ansible yangwenbo]# cat test_nginxvars.yaml     #playbook的执行模板
---
- hosts: all
  gather_facts: True      #开启系统内置变量
  tasks:
  - name: nginx conf
    template: src=/tmp/nginx.j2 dest=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    notify:
    - reload nginx        #下发通知给handlers模块执行名字叫作reload nginx的动做
  handlers: #定义动做
  - name: reload nginx    #动做的名字
    shell: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
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