shell基本案例

时间 2019-11-12

标签 shell 基本案例栏目 Unix 繁體版

原文原文链接

一、自定义rmjava

linux系统的rm命令太危险，一不当心就会删除掉系统文件。写一个shell脚原本替换系统的rm命令，要求当删除一个文件或者目录时，都要作一个备份，而后再删除。下面分两种状况，作练习：mysql

1. 简单linux

假设有一个大的分区/data/，每次删除文件或者目录以前，都要先在/data/下面建立一个隐藏目录，以日期/时间命名，好比/data/.201703271012/，而后把全部删除的文件同步到该目录下面，可使用rsync -R 把文件路径一同同步c++

2. 复杂sql

不知道哪一个分区有剩余空间，在删除以前先计算要删除的文件或者目录大小，而后对比系统的磁盘空间，若是够则按照上面的规则建立隐藏目录，并备份，若是没有足够空间，要提醒用户没有足够的空间备份并提示是否放弃备份，若是用户选择y，则直接删除文件或者目录，若是选择n，则提示未删除，而后退出脚本。docker

参考答案：shell

1. 简单数据库

#!/bin/bashcentos

filename=$1tomcat

d=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`

read -p “Are U sure delete the file or directory $1? y|n: ” c

if [ $c == “y” ] || [ $c == “Y” ]

then

mkdir /data/.$d

rsync -aR $1/ /data/.$d/$1/

/bin/rm -rf $1

elif [ $c == “n” ] || [ $c == “N” ]

then

exit 0

else

echo “Please input ‘y’ or ‘n’.”

2. 复杂

#!/bin/bash

filename=$1

d=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`

f_size=`du -sk $1|awk ‘{print $1}’`

disk_size=`LANG=en; df -k |grep -vi filesystem|awk ‘{print $4}’ |sort -n |tail -n1`

big_filesystem=`LANG=en; df -k |grep -vi filesystem |sort -n -k4 |tail -n1 |awk ‘{print $NF}’`

if [ $f_size -lt $disk_size ]

then

read -p “Are U sure delete the file or directory: $1? y|n: ” c

if [ $c == “y” ] || [ $c == “Y” ]

then

mkdir -p $big_filesystem/.$d && rsync -aR $1 $big_filesystem/.$d/ && /bin/rm -rf $1

elif [ $c == “n” ] || [ $c == “N” ]

then

exit 0

else

echo “Please input ‘y’ or ‘n’.”

else

echo “The disk size is not enough to backup the files $1.”

read -p “Do you want to delete “$1″? y|n: ” c

if [ $c == “y” ] || [ $c == “Y” ]

then

echo “It will delete “$1″ after 5 seconds whitout backup.”

for i in `seq 1 5`; do echo -ne “.”; sleep 1;done

echo

/bin/rm -rf $1

elif [ $c == “n” ] || [ $c == “N” ]

then

echo “It will not delete $1.”

exit 0

else

echo “Please input ‘y’ or ‘n’.”

二、

请把下面的字符串：

zhangsan

y97JbzPru

lisi

5JhvCls6q

xiaowang

Nnr8qt2Ma

laoma

iqMtvC02y

zhaosi

9fxrb4sJD

改成以下：

zhangsan:y97JbzPru

lisi:5JhvCls6q

xiaowang:Nnr8qt2Ma

laoma:iqMtvC02y

zhaosi:9fxrb4sJD

参考答案：

sed 'N;s/\n/:/g' filename

截取字符串

三、利用你学过的知识点，想办法根据要求截取出字符。

字符串var=http://www.aaa.com/root/123.htm

1.取出www.aaa.com/root/123.htm

2.取出123.htm

3.取出http://www.aaa.com/root

4.取出http:

5.取出http://

6.取出www.aaa.com/root/123.htm

7.取出123

8.取出123.htm

参考答案：

#!/bin/bash

var="http://www.aaa.com/root/123.htm"

echo "##1 取出www.aaa.com/root/123.htm"

echo $var | awk -F"//" '{print $2}' #截取//后面的内容

echo $var | grep -o "www.*"

echo "##2 取出123.htm"

echo $var | awk -F"/" '{print $5}'

echo $var | grep -o "[0-9]*\.htm"

echo "##3 取出http://www.aaa.com/root"

echo $var | sed 's|$.*//.*/.*$$/.*$|\1|'

echo $var | grep -o http.*root

echo "##4 取出http:"

echo $var | awk -F '//' '{print $1}'

echo $var | sed 's/\/\/www.*//'

echo "##5 取出http://"

echo $var | awk -F "w" '{print $1}'

echo $var | sed 's/www.*//'

echo "##6 取出www.aaa.com/root/123.htm"

echo $var | awk -F '//' '{print $2}'

echo $var | sed 's|http://||'

echo "##7 取出123"

echo $var | tr -c -d '0-9\n'

echo $var | grep -o '[0-9]\{3\}'

echo "##8 取出123.htm"

echo $var | awk -F '/' '{print $5}'

四、打印三角形

打印一个三角形（正三角形，元素用*表示）。

参考答案：

#!/bin/bash

read -p "please input the lenth:" n

for i in `seq 1 $n`

for ((j=$n;j>i;j--))

echo -n " "

done

for m in `seq 1 $i`

echo -n "* "

done

echo

done

五、shell多线程

需求背景：

领导要求小明备份数据库服务器里面的100个库（数据量在几十到几百G），须要以最快的时间完成（5小时内），而且不能影响服务器性能。

需求分析：

因为数据量比较大，单个库备份时间少则10几分钟，多则几个小时，咱们算平均每一个库30分钟，若一个库一个库的去备份，则须要3000分钟，至关于50个小时。很明显不可取。但所有丢到后台去备份，100个并发，数据库服务器也没法承受。因此，须要写一个脚本，可以控制并发数就能够实现了。

参考答案：

#!/bin/sh

##假设100个库的名字存到了一个文件里，文件名字为/tmp/databases.list

##其中备份数据库用了mysqldump，这里你能够换成xtrabackup，更快

function bak_data {

dbname=$1

d=`date +%y%d`

mysqldump -uroot -pxxxxx $dbname > /backup/$1.$d

}

mkfifo $tmp_fifofile

exec 1000<>$tmp_fifofile

rm -f $tmp_fifofile

thread=10

for ((i=0;i<$thread;i++));

echo >&1000

done

for d in `cat /tmp/databases.list`

read -u1000

{

bak_data $d

echo >&1000

} &

done

wait

exec 1000>&-

六、自动挂载磁盘

咱们使用的云主机，购买一块云盘后，默认并非挂载状态的，用shell写一个脚本，只要把盘符和挂载点以参数的形式提供给脚本，该脚本就能够自动格式化、挂载。

要求：

1 不用分区，直接格式化

2 格式化为ext4文件系统类型

参考答案：

#!/bin/bash

echo "Useage $0 盘符挂载点, 如： $0 /dev/xvdb /data"

if [ $# -ne 2 ]

then

exit

if [ ! -b $1 ]

then

echo "你提供的盘符不正确，请检查后再操做"

exit 1

mkfs -t ext4 $1

if [ ! -d $2 ] ;then

mkdir -p $2

n=`egrep " $2 " /etc/fstab|wc -l`

if [ $n -eq 0 ]

then

echo "$1 $2 ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

mount -a

else

mount $1 $2

echo "配置文件/etc/fstab中已经存在挂载点$2,请检查一下."

七、自动封/解封ip

需求背景：

discuz论坛，天天有不少注册机注册的用户，而后发垃圾广告帖子。虽然使用了一些插件但没有效果。分析访问日志，发现有几个ip访问量特别大，因此想到能够写个shell脚本，经过分析访问日志，把访问量大的ip直接封掉。

可是这个脚本颇有可能误伤，因此还须要考虑到自动解封这些ip。

思路：

1 能够每分钟分析1次访问日志，设定一个阈值，把访问量大的ip用iptables封掉80端口

2 每20分钟检测一次已经被封ip的请求数据包数量，设定阈值，把没有请求的或者请求量很小的解封

参考答案：

#! /bin/bash

## To block the ip of bad requesting.

## Writen by aming 2017-11-18.

log="/data/logs/www.xxx.com.log"

tmpdir="/tmp/badip"

#白名单ip，不该该被封

goodip="27.133.28.101"

[ -d $tmpdir ] || mkdir -p $tmpdir

t=`date -d "-1 min" +%Y:%H:%M`

#截取一分钟之前的日志

grep "$t:" $log > $tmpdir/last_min.log

#把一分钟内日志条数大于120的标记为不正常的请求

awk '{print $1}' $tmpdir/last_min.log |sort -n |uniq -c |sort -n |tail |awk '$1>120 {print $2}'|grep -v "$good_ip"> $tmpdir/bad.ip

d3=`date +%M`

#每隔20分钟解封一次ip

if [ $d3 -eq "20" ] || [ $d3 -eq "40" ] || [ $d3 -eq "00" ]

then

/sbin/iptables -nvL INPUT|grep 'DROP' |awk '$1<10 {print $8}'>$tmpdir/good.ip

if [ -s $tmpdir/good.ip ]

then

for ip in `cat $tmpdir/good.ip`

/sbin/iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s $ip -j DROP

d4=`date +%Y%m%d-%H:%M`

echo "$d4 $ip unblock" >>$tmpdir/unblock.ip

done

#解封后，再把iptables的计数器清零

/sbin/iptables -Z INPUT

if [ -s $tmpdir/bad.ip ]

then

for ip in `cat $tmpdir/bad.ip`

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s $ip -j DROP

d4=`date +%Y%m%d-%H:%M`

echo "$d4 $ip block" >>$tmpdir/block.ip

done

8、安装samba

写个shell脚本，可以实现一键安装并配置samba服务，执行该脚本时须要带一个参数，为共享的目录，目录能够不存在，若不存在，须要脚本自动建立。

参考答案：

#!/bin/bash

is_samba_installed=`rpm -qa|grep samba|wc -l`

if [ $is_samba_installed != 0 ]

then

echo "You had already installed Samba."

exit 0

echo "It will install Samba."

sleep 1

cnfdir="/etc/samba/smb.conf"

chkok(){

if [ $? != 0 ]

then

echo "Error, Please try again."

exit 1

}

yum install -y samba

chkok

sed -i 's/MYGROUP/WORKGROUP/' $cnfdir

sed -i 's/user/share/' $cnfdir

sed -i '$a\[fish]' $cnfdir

if [ -d $1 ]

then

cd $1

echo "test" > test.txt

sed -i '$a\[fish]\n\tcomment = Share All\n\tpath = "'$1'"\n\tbrowseable = yes\n\tpublic = yes\n\twritable = no' $cnfdir

else

mkdir $1

cd $1

echo "test" > test.txt

sed -i '$a\[fish]\n\tcomment = Share All\n\tpath = "'$1'"\n\tbrowseable = yes\n\tpublic = yes\n\twritable = no' $cnfdir

/etc/init.d/smb start

chkok

echo "Please input [\\sambaIP\sharename] to access the share dir."

九、管理容器

用shell写一个脚本，实现一键管理docker容器，好比启动/关闭/删除容器等操做。

要求：

1 脚本支持启动所有容器、关闭所有容器、删除所有容器

2 须要提示用户如何使用该脚本，需给出范例

参考答案：

说明，本脚本为端亚同窗提供。

#! /bin/bash

##start,restart,delete the docker containers

##written by zhdya_20171114

list=`docker ps -a |awk '{print $2}'| grep -v 'ID'`

echo "======================================="

echo -e "pls check the follow list of container: \n$list"

read -p "pls choose an action which you want!<1.start 2.stop 3.rm > " act

echo "======================================"

echo -e "stop\nstart\nrm\nrmi" > /tmp/docker.txt

##judge if input the words or not!

if [ -z $act ]

then

echo "you type was wrong,pls just input "start"."stop"."rm"."rmi"."

exit

##judge if input a wrong words!!

if grep -wq $act /tmp/docker.txt

then

case $act in

start)

docker start $(docker ps -a | awk '{ print $1}' | tail -n +2)

echo "already start all of container,pls checking it.."

;;

stop)

docker stop $(docker ps -a | awk '{ print $1}' | tail -n +2)

echo "already restart all of container,pls checking it.."

;;

rm)

docker rm $(docker ps -a | awk '{ print $1}' | tail -n +2)

echo "already rm all of container,pls checking it.."

;;

docker rmi $(docker images | awk '{print $3}' |tail -n +2)

echo "already rm all of container,pls checking it.."

esac

else

echo "you type was wrong,pls just input "start"."stop"."rm"."rmi"."

十、部署mysql主从

用shell脚本实现，部署mysql主从架构。

思路是这样的：

1）master.sh脚本用来安装master的mysql

2）而后经过expect脚本+rsync工具把slave.sh脚本、/etc/my.cnf、 /etc/init.d/mysqld 还有mysqldump下来的all.sql，以及在master下载下来的mysql二进制安装包传到slave上

3）经过expect脚原本运行slave.sh的脚原本安装，而且配置好主从，期间，用slave.tmp来记录master机子的binlog的状态，以便于传到slave后用命令添加进去。

参考答案：

cp_slave.expect

#!/usr/bin/expect

set user [lindex $argv 0]

set host [lindex $argv 1]

set passwd [lindex $argv 2]

set file [lindex $argv 3]

spawn rsync -avzP $file $user@$host:/tmp

set timeout 600

expect {

“yes/no” { send “yes\r”}

“password:” { send “$passwd\r” }

}

expect eof

ins_rsync.expect

#!/usr/bin/expect

set user [lindex $argv 0]

set host [lindex $argv 1]

set passwd [lindex $argv 2]

spawn ssh $user@$host

expect {

“yes/no” { send “yes\r”;exp_continue}

“password:” { send “$passwd\r” }

}

expect “]*”

send “yum install -y rsync\rexit\r”

interact

slave.expect

#!/usr/bin/expect

set host [lindex $argv 0]

set passwd [lindex $argv 1]

set cm [lindex $argv 2]

spawn ssh root@$host

expect {

“yes/no” { send “yes\r”}

“password:” { send “$passwd\r” }

}

expect “]*”

send “$cm\rexit\r”

interact

slave.sh

#!/bin/bash

####this is for building slave script

##by lv.

####master ip address

mas_ip=192.168.47.24

###mysql password conf

my_passwd=hd8832508

####replication user and password

rp_user=hd

rp_passwd=hd8832508

###check ok

check(){

if [ $? != 0 ]

then

echo “error,please check log.”

exit 1

}

##close seliux

sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/’ /etc/selinux/config

selinux_s=`getenforce`

if [ $selinux_s == “Enforcing” -o $selinux_s == “enforcing” ]

then

setenforce 0

##close iptables

iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables_`date +%s`

iptables -F

service iptables save

##install the mirror.aliyun.com

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

if rpm -qa |grep epel-release >/dev/null

then

rpm -e epel-release

if [ -f epel.repo ]

then

/bin/mv epel.repo epel.repo.bak

yum install -y wget

if [ -f CentOS-Base.repo ]

then

/bin/mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

yum clean all

yum makecache

#first to update datetime

[ `rpm -qa |grep ntpdate|wc -l` -eq 1 ] || yum install -y ntpdate

ntpdate 0.openwrt.pool.ntp.org 2>&1 >/dev/null;clock -w

###install lib software

syum(){

if ! rpm -qa|grep -q $1

then

yum install -y $1

check

else

echo “$1 is already installed”

}

## install some packges for the first on setup.

for p in gcc perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel cmake glibc pcre compat-libstdc++-33

syum $p

done

###check file is already in tmp

if [ ! -f /tmp/my.cnf ] && [ ! -f /tmp/mysqld ] && [ ! -f /tmp/mysql-* ] && [ ! -f /tmp/slave.tmp ]

then

echo “error,please try to sync again”

exit 1

mysql=`ls /tmp |grep tar.gz`

version=`echo /tmp/$mysql|awk -F – ‘{print $2}’|cut -d. -f2`

######install mysql

cd /tmp

tar -zxf $mysql

mv `echo $mysql|sed ‘s/.tar.gz//g’` /usr/local/mysql

cd /usr/local/mysql

if ! grep “^mysql:” /etc/passwd

then

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

check

[ -d /data/mysql ] && /bin/mv /data/mysql /data/mysql_`date +%s`

mkdir -p /data/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

###initialize

case $version in

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –datadir=/data/mysql

check

sed -i ‘/^server-id/’d /tmp/my.cnf

check

sed -i ‘/\[mysqld\]/a\server-id=2’ /tmp/my.cnf

check

;;

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –datadir=/data/mysql

check

sed -i ‘/^server_id/’d /tmp/my.cnf

check

sed -i ‘/\[mysqld\]/a\server_id = 2’ /tmp/my.cnf

check

;;

pswd5_7=`/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –user=mysql –datadir=/data/mysql –initialize 2>&1 |sed -r -n ‘/localhost: /p’|sed ‘s/.* //g’`

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –datadir=/data/mysql

check

sed -i ‘/^server_id/’d /tmp/my.cnf

check

sed -i ‘/\[mysqld\]/a\server_id = 2’ /tmp/my.cnf

check

;;

esac

###cp conf file

/bin/cp -rf /tmp/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf

check

/bin/cp -rf /tmp/mysqld /etc/init.d/

check

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig –add mysqld

chkconfig mysqld on

service mysqld start

check

####change mysql password

if [ $version -eq 7 ]

then

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$pswd5_7 –connect-expired-password -e “set password=password(‘$my_passwd’);”

check

else

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e “set password=password(‘$my_passwd’);”

check

###input date

if [ -f /tmp/all.sql ]

then

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$my_passwd < /tmp/all.sql

check

else

echo “date error.”

exit 1

######binlog

slave_bin=`grep “mysql-bin” /tmp/slave.tmp`

slave_pos=`grep ‘^[0-9]’ /tmp/slave.tmp`

###stop slave

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$my_passwd -e “stop slave;”

check

###configure slave

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$my_passwd -e “change master to master_host=’$mas_ip’,master_port=3306,master_user=’$rp_user’,master_password=’$rp_passwd’,master_log_file=’$slave_bin’,master_log_pos=$slave_pos;”

check

###start slave

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$my_passwd -e “start slave;”

check

###check repecation status

show=`/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$my_passwd -e “show slave status\G;”|grep ‘Slave_IO_Running:’`

slaveIO=`echo $show|awk -F’:’ ‘{print $2}’`

Slave_SQL=`echo $show|awk -F’:’ ‘{print $2}’`

if [ $slaveIO == Yes ] && [$Slave_SQL == Yes ]

then

echo “mysql repliation is start”

/bin/rm -rf /tmp/all.sql /tmp/$mysql /tmp/mysqld /tmp/my.cnf /tmp/slave.tmp

else

echo “error,please check the log.”

master.sh

#!/bin/bash

#####this is building mysql replication###

##by lv.

ml=`pwd`

ar=`arch`

###mysql password conf

my_passwd=hd8832508

####replication user and password

rp_user=hd

rp_passwd=hd8832508

###slave conf

s_user=root

s_host=192.168.47.25

s_passwd=hd8832508

###check ok

check(){

if [ $? != 0 ]

then

echo “error,please check log.”

exit 1

}

####check the file is exist

for wj in $ml/cp_slave.expect $ml/ins_rsync.expect $ml/slave.expect $ml/slave.sh

if [ ! -f $wj ]

then

echo “error,your miss $wj file.”

exit 1

else

/bin/chmod +x $wj

check

done

##close seliux

sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/’ /etc/selinux/config

selinux_s=`getenforce`

if [ $selinux_s == “Enforcing” -o $selinux_s == “enforcing” ]

then

setenforce 0

##close iptables

iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables_`date +%s`

iptables -F

service iptables save

##install the mirror.aliyun.com

aliyun(){

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

if rpm -qa |grep epel-release >/dev/null

then

rpm -e epel-release

if [ -f epel.repo ]

then

/bin/mv epel.repo epel.repo.bak

yum install -y wget

if [ -f CentOS-Base.repo ]

then

/bin/mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

yum clean all

yum makecache

}

if [ `grep “aliyun.com” /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo|wc -l` -eq 0 ]

then

aliyun

else

echo “aliyun epel is already installed.”

#first to update datetime

[ `rpm -qa |grep ntpdate|wc -l` -eq 1 ] || yum install -y ntpdate

ntpdate 0.openwrt.pool.ntp.org 2>&1 >/dev/null;clock -w

###install lib software

syum(){

if ! rpm -qa|grep -q $1

then

yum install -y $1

check

else

echo “$1 is already installed”

}

## install some packges for the first on setup.

for p in gcc perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel cmake glibc pcre compat-libstdc++-33

syum $p

done

###variables,fuctions

mysql_5_1=http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.73-linux-$ar-glibc23.tar.gz

mysql_5_6=http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.31-linux-glibc2.5-$ar.tar.gz

mysql_5_7=http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-$ar.tar.gz

#######################################

conf_mysql(){

cd /usr/local/mysql

if ! grep “^mysql:” /etc/passwd

then

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

check

[ -d /data/mysql ] && /bin/mv /data/mysql /data/mysql_`date +%s`

mkdir -p /data/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

###initialize

case $version in

5.1)

./scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –datadir=/data/mysql

check

;;

5.6)

./scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –datadir=/data/mysql

check

;;

5.7)

pswd5_7=`./bin/mysqld –user=mysql –datadir=/data/mysql –initialize 2>&1 |sed -r -n ‘/localhost: /p’|sed ‘s/.* //g’`

./bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –datadir=/data/mysql

check

;;

esac

}

cp_mysql(){

###my.cnf

if [ -f /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf ]

then

/bin/cp -rf support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

check

sed -i ‘/^\[mysqld\]$/a\datadir = /data/mysql’ /etc/my.cnf

check

else

/bin/cp -rf support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

check

sed -i ‘/^\[mysqld\]$/a\socket = /tmp/mysql.sock’ /etc/my.cnf

sed -i ‘/^\[mysqld\]$/a\port = 3306’ /etc/my.cnf

sed -i ‘/^\[mysqld\]$/a\datadir = /data/mysql’ /etc/my.cnf

check

sed -i ‘/^\[mysqld\]$/a\basedir = /usr/local/mysql’ /etc/my.cnf

####/etc/init.d/mysqld

if [ $version == 5.7 ]

then

/bin/cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

check

sed -i ‘s#^datadir=#datadir=/data/mysql#’ /etc/init.d/mysqld

sed -i ‘s#^basedir=#basedir=/usr/local/mysql#’ /etc/init.d/mysqld

check

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig –add mysqld

chkconfig mysqld on

service mysqld start

check

else

/bin/cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

sed -i ‘s#^datadir=#datadir=/data/mysql#’ /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig –add mysqld

chkconfig mysqld on

service mysqld start

check

}

###install mysql

insall_mysql(){

echo “Chose the version of mysql.”

select mysql_v in 5.1 5.6 5.7

case $mysql_v in

5.1)

cd /usr/local/src

[ -f ${mysql_5_1##*/} ] || wget $mysql_5_1

tar zxf ${mysql_5_1##*/}

check_ok

[ -d /usr/local/mysql ] && /bin/mv /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql_`date +%s`

mv `echo ${mysql_5_1##*/}|sed ‘s/.tar.gz//g’` /usr/local/mysql

check_ok

version=5.1

conf_mysql

cp_mysql

break

;;

5.6)

cd /usr/local/src

[ -f ${mysql_5_6##*/} ] || wget $mysql_5_6

tar zxf ${mysql_5_6##*/}

check_ok

[ -d /usr/local/mysql ] && /bin/mv /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql_bak

mv `echo ${mysql_5_6##*/}|sed ‘s/.tar.gz//g’` /usr/local/mysql

check_ok

version=5.6

conf_mysql

cp_mysql

break

;;

5.7)

cd /usr/local/src

[ -f ${mysql_5_7##*/} ] || wget $mysql_5_7

tar zxf ${mysql_5_7##*/}

check_ok

[ -d /usr/local/mysql ] && /bin/mv /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql_bak

mv `echo ${mysql_5_7##*/}|sed ‘s/.tar.gz//g’` /usr/local/mysql

check_ok

version=5.7

conf_mysql

cp_mysql

break

;;

echo “only 1(5.1) 2(5.6) or 3(5.7) ”

exit 1

;;

esac

done

}

####change mysql password

passwd_mysql(){

if [ $version == 5.7 ]

then

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$pswd5_7 –connect-expired-password -e “set password=password(‘$my_passwd’);”

check

else

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e “set password=password(‘$my_passwd’);”

check

}

######

if [ `ps aux|grep mysql|wc -l` -gt 1 ]

then

echo “mysql is already start”

else

insall_mysql

passwd_mysql

####start install slave

echo “#############################”

echo “## ##”

echo “## slave install ##”

echo “## ##”

echo “#############################”

##first check master tool

if ! rpm -qa|grep -q rsync

then

yum install -y rsync

if ! rpm -qa|grep -q expect

then

yum install -y expect

###replication building for master first

if [ `ps aux|grep mysql|wc -l` -gt 1 ] && [ `grep “log_bin = mysql-bin” /etc/my.cnf|wc -l` -eq 0 ] && [ `grep “log-bin=mysql-bin” /etc/my.cnf|wc -l` -eq 0 ]

then

/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

check

sed -i ‘/^\[mysqld\]$/a\server_id = 1’ /etc/my.cnf

sed -i ‘/^\[mysqld\]$/a\log_bin = mysql-bin’ /etc/my.cnf

sed -i ‘/^\[mysqld\]$/a\binlog_format = “MIXED”‘ /etc/my.cnf

check

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

check

master_bin=`/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$my_passwd -e “show master status \G;”|grep File|awk ‘{print $2}’`

master_pos=`/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$my_passwd -e “show master status \G;”|grep Position|awk ‘{print $2}’`

echo $master_bin >>/tmp/slave.tmp

echo $master_pos >>/tmp/slave.tmp

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$my_passwd -e “grant replication slave on *.* to $rp_user@’$s_host’ identified by ‘$rp_passwd’;”

check

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p$my_passwd -e “flush privileges;”

check

###dump date

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p$my_passwd –single-transaction -A > /tmp/all.sql

check

####cp file to slave

if [ `pwd` != $ml ]

then

cd $ml

./ins_rsync.expect $s_user $s_host $s_passwd

for file in /usr/local/src/mysql-* /etc/my.cnf /etc/init.d/mysqld ./slave.sh /tmp/slave.tmp /tmp/all.sql

./cp_slave.expect $s_user $s_host $s_passwd $file

done

./slave.expect $s_host $s_passwd /tmp/slave.sh

十一、自动增长公钥

写一个shell脚本，当咱们执行时，提示要输入对方的ip和root密码，而后能够自动把本机的公钥增长到对方机器上，从而实现密钥认证。

参考答案：

#!/bin/bash

read -p "Input IP: " ip

ping $ip -w 2 -c 2 >> /dev/null

## 查看ip是否可用

while [ $? -ne 0 ]

read -p "your ip may not useable, Please Input your IP: " ip

ping $ip -w 2 -c 2 >> /dev/null

done

read -p "Input root\'s password of this host: " password

## 检查命令子函数

check_ok() {

if [ $? != 0 ]

then

echo "Error!."

exit 1

}

## yum须要用到的包

myyum() {

if ! rpm -qa |grep -q "$1"

then

yum install -y $1

check_ok

else

echo $1 already installed

}

for p in openssh-clients openssh expect

myyum $p

done

## 在主机A上建立密钥对

if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ] || [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ]

then

if [ -d ~/.ssh ]

then

mv ~/.ssh/ ~/.ssh_old

echo -e "\n" | ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''

check_ok

## 传私钥给主机B

if [ ! -d /usr/local/sbin/rsync_keys ]

then

mkdir /usr/local/sbin/rsync_keys

cd /usr/local/sbin/rsync_keys

if [ -f rsync.expect ]

then

d=`date +%F-%T`

mv rsync.expect $d.expect

#建立远程同步的expect文件

cat > rsync.expect <<EOF

#!/usr/bin/expect

set host [lindex \$argv 0]

#主机B的密码

set passwd [lindex \$argv 1]

spawn rsync -av /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@\$host:/tmp/tmp.txt

expect {

"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}

"password:" { send "\$passwd\r" }

}

expect eof

spawn ssh root@\$host

expect {

"password:" { send "\$passwd\r" }

}

expect "]*"

send "\[ -f /root/.ssh/authorized_keys \] && cat /tmp/tmp.txt >>/root/.ssh/authorized_keys \r"

expect "]*"

send "\[ -f /root/.ssh/authorized_keys \] || mkdir -p /root/.ssh/ \r"

send "\[ -f /root/.ssh/authorized_keys \] || mv /tmp/tmp.txt /root/.ssh/authorized_keys\r"

expect "]*"

send "chmod 700 /root/.ssh; chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys\r"

expect "]*"

send "exit\r"

EOF

check_ok

/usr/bin/expect /usr/local/sbin/rsync_keys/rsync.expect $ip $password

echo "OK,this script is successful. ssh $ip to test it"

十二、域名到期提醒

写一个shell脚本，查询指定域名的过时时间，并在到期前一周，天天发一封提醒邮件。

思路：你们能够在linux下使用命令“whois 域名”，如”whois apelearn.com”，来获取该域名的一些信息。

提示： whois命令，须要安装jwhois包

参考答案：

#!/bin/bash

t1=`date +%s`

is_install_whois()

{

which whois >/dev/null 2>/dev/null

if [ $? -ne 0 ]

then

yum install -y jwhois

}

notify()

{

e_d=`whois $1|grep 'Expiry Date'|awk '{print $4}'|cut -d 'T' -f 1`

e_t=`date -d "$e_d" +%s`

n=`echo "86400*7"|bc`

e_t1=$[$e_t-$n]

if [ $t1 -ge $e_t1 ] && [ $t1 -lt $e_t ]

then

/usr/local/sbin/mail.py aming_test@163.com "Domain $1 will be expire." "Domain $1 expire date is $e_d."

}

is_install_whois

notify aminglinux.com

1三、取消后缀

至少用两种方法，批量把当前目录下面全部文件名后缀为.bak的后缀去掉，好比1.txt.bak去掉后为1.txt

参考答案：

假设取消的后缀为.bak

方法一：

for i in `ls *.bak`

mv $i `echo $i|sed 's/\.bak//g'`

done

方法二：

for i in `ls *.bak`

newname=`echo $i|awk -F '.bak' '{print $1}'`

mv $i $newname

done

1四、重启tomcat

在生产环境中，常常遇到tomcat没法完全关闭，也就是说用tomcat自带shutdown.sh脚本没法将java进程彻底关掉。因此，须要借助shell脚本，将进程杀死，而后再启动。

写一个shell脚本，实现上述功能。完全杀死一个进程的命令是 kill -9 pid.

参考答案：

说明：如下脚本为猿课同窗实际线上跑的shell脚本，考虑的方面比较多，你们能够学一学他的思路

#!/bin/bash

###功能：重启 tomcat 进程

###要求：对于tomcat中的某些应用，使用shutdown.sh是没法彻底停掉全部服务的实际操做中都须要kill掉tomcat再重启

### root can not run this script.

if [ $USER = root ]

then

echo "root cann't run this script!please run with other user!"

exit 1

### check the Parameter

if [[ $# -ne 1 ]]

then

echo "Usage:$0 tomcatname"

exit 1

### only one process can run one time

TMP_FILE_U=/tmp/.tmp.ps.keyword.$USER.956327.txt

#echo $TMP_FILE_U

KEYWORD1="$0"

KEYWORD2="$1"

# 使用赋值会多fork出一个进程,因此要先重定向到一个文本,再统计.

ps ux |grep "$KEYWORD1"|grep "\<$KEYWORD2\>"|grep -v "grep" > $TMP_FILE_U

Pro_count=`cat $TMP_FILE_U |wc -l`

if [ $Pro_count -gt 1 ]

then

echo "An other process already running ,exit now!"

exit 1

###################################################

# #

# begin of the script #

# #

###################################################

### set the Parameter

TOM=`echo $1|sed 's#/##g'`

TOMCAT_DIRECTORY=~/usr/local/$TOM

STARTUP_SCRIPT=$TOMCAT_DIRECTORY/bin/startup.sh

TOMCAT_LOG=$TOMCAT_DIRECTORY/logs/catalina.out

CONF_FILE=$TOMCAT_DIRECTORY/conf/server.xml

TEMPFILE=/tmp/.tmpfile.x.89342.c4r3.tmp

### check if the tomcat directory exist

if [ ! -d "$TOMCAT_DIRECTORY" ]

then

echo "the tomcat \"$TOM\" not exist.check again!"

exit 1

### log roteta and delete log one week ago

rotate_log(){

TIME_FORMART=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)

LOG_DIR=$(dirname $TOMCAT_LOG)

mv $TOMCAT_LOG ${TOMCAT_LOG}_${TIME_FORMART}

find $LOG_DIR -type f -ctime +7 -exec rm -rf {} \;

}

### function start the tomcat

start_tomcat()

{

#echo start-tomcat-func

if [ -x "$STARTUP_SCRIPT" ]

then

rotate_log

$STARTUP_SCRIPT

sleep 1

tail -f $TOMCAT_LOG

else

if [ -e $STARTUP_SCRIPT ]

then

chmod +x $STARTUP_SCRIPT

# echo "permition added!"

if [ -x "$STARTUP_SCRIPT" ]

then

rotate_log

$STARTUP_SCRIPT

sleep 1

tail -f $TOMCAT_LOG

else

echo "The script not have excute permision,Couldn't add permision to Script!"

exit 1

else

echo "error,the script \"startup.sh\" not exist!"

exit 1

}

### function stop the tomcat

stop_tomcat()

{

rm -rf $TEMPFILE

ps ux |grep /$TOM/ |grep -v "grep /$TOM/"|grep java > $TEMPFILE

Pro_Count=`cat $TEMPFILE|wc -l`

PIDS=`cat $TEMPFILE|awk '{print $2}'`

rm -rf $TEMPFILE

#echo $Pro_Count

if [ $Pro_Count -eq 0 ]

then

echo "The tomcat not running now!"

else

if [ $Pro_Count -ne 1 ]

then

echo "The have $Pro_Count process running,killed!"

kill -9 `echo $PIDS`

WC=`ps aux | grep "/$TOM/" | grep -v "grep /$TOM/" | grep java |wc -l`

[ $WC -ne 0 ] && (echo "kill process failed!";exit 1)

else

echo "Process killed!"

kill -9 `echo $PIDS`

WC=`ps aux | grep "/$TOM/" | grep -v "grep /$TOM/" | grep java |wc -l`

[ $WC -ne 0 ] && (echo "kill process failed!";exit 1)

}

###########################

#### ####

#### The main script ####

#### ####

###########################

echo -e "are you sure restart $TOM?(y or n)"

read ANS

if [ "$ANS"a != ya ]

then

echo -e "bye! \n"

exit 1

stop_tomcat

echo "start tomcat ..."

sleep 2

start_tomcat

# end

1五、关闭服务

在centos6系统里，咱们可使用ntsysv关闭不须要开机启动的服务，固然也可使用chkconfig工具来实现。

写一个shell脚本，用chkconfig工具把不经常使用的服务关闭。脚本须要写成交互式的，须要咱们给它提供关闭的服务名字。

参考答案：

#!/bin/bash

LANG=en

c="1"

while [ ! $c == "q" ]

echo -e "\033[35mPlease chose a service to close from this list: \033[0m"

chkconfig --list |awk '/3:on/ {print $1}'

read -p "Which service to close: " s

chkconfig $s off

service $s stop

read -p "If you want's to quit this program, tab "q", or tab "Ctrl c": " c

done

1六、测试数字大小
#!/bin/bash
NUM=100
if (($NUM > 4));then
echo "The NUM is $NUM greater 4."
else
echo "The NUM is $NUM little 4."
fi

1七、测试目录是否存在。不存在则新建（注意。中括号之间必需要空格）；

#!/bin/bash
#dir exitst
if [ ! -d /data/20160512 ];then
mkdir -p /data/20160512
else

#!/bin/bash
DIR=/tmp/2016/10/23
if [ ! -d $DIR ];then
mkdir -p $DIR
else
echo "The $DIR is exist"
exit
fi

注意：-d是判断目录是否存在

-p 是判断文件是否存在

FILES替换DIR

：%s/DIR/FILES

1八、

1九、

20、

2一、

2二、

2三、

2四、

2五、

2六、

2七、

2八、

2九、

30、