目标:介绍基于netty3的来实现的远程通讯、介绍dubbo-remoting-netty内的源码解析。
如今dubbo默认的网络传输Transport接口默认实现的仍是基于netty3实现的网络传输,不过立刻后面默认实现就要改成netty4了。因为netty4对netty3对兼容性不是很好,因此保留了两个版本的实现。java
下面是包结构:git
该类继承了AbstractChannel类,是基于netty3实现的通道。github
/** * 通道集合 */ private static final ConcurrentMap<org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel, NettyChannel> channelMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel, NettyChannel>(); /** * 通道 */ private final org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel channel; /** * 属性集合 */ private final Map<String, Object> attributes = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>();
static NettyChannel getOrAddChannel(org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel ch, URL url, ChannelHandler handler) { if (ch == null) { return null; } // 首先从集合中取通道 NettyChannel ret = channelMap.get(ch); // 若是为空,则新建 if (ret == null) { NettyChannel nc = new NettyChannel(ch, url, handler); // 若是通道链接着 if (ch.isConnected()) { // 加入集合 ret = channelMap.putIfAbsent(ch, nc); } if (ret == null) { ret = nc; } } return ret; }
该方法是得到通道,当通道在集合中没有的时候,新建一个通道。算法
static void removeChannelIfDisconnected(org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel ch) { if (ch != null && !ch.isConnected()) { channelMap.remove(ch); } }
该方法是当通道没有链接的时候,从集合中移除它。bootstrap
@Override public void send(Object message, boolean sent) throws RemotingException { super.send(message, sent); boolean success = true; int timeout = 0; try { // 写入数据,发送消息 ChannelFuture future = channel.write(message); // 若是已经发送过 if (sent) { // 得到超时时间 timeout = getUrl().getPositiveParameter(Constants.TIMEOUT_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT); // 等待timeout的链接时间后查看是否发送成功 success = future.await(timeout); } // 看是否有异常 Throwable cause = future.getCause(); if (cause != null) { throw cause; } } catch (Throwable e) { throw new RemotingException(this, "Failed to send message " + message + " to " + getRemoteAddress() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e); } if (!success) { throw new RemotingException(this, "Failed to send message " + message + " to " + getRemoteAddress() + "in timeout(" + timeout + "ms) limit"); } }
该方法是发送消息,其中用到了channe.write方法传输消息,而且经过返回的future来判断是否发送成功。segmentfault
@Override public void close() { try { super.close(); } catch (Exception e) { logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); } try { // 若是通道断开,则移除该通道 removeChannelIfDisconnected(channel); } catch (Exception e) { logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); } try { // 清空属性 attributes.clear(); } catch (Exception e) { logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); } try { if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Close netty channel " + channel); } // 关闭通道 channel.close(); } catch (Exception e) { logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); } }
该方法是关闭通道,作了三个操做,分别是从集合中移除、清除属性、关闭通道。缓存
其余实现方法比较简单,我就讲解了。服务器
该类继承了SimpleChannelHandler类,是基于netty3的通道处理器,而该类被加上了@Sharable注解,也就是说该处理器能够从属于多个ChannelPipeline网络
/** * 通道集合,key是主机地址 ip:port */ private final Map<String, Channel> channels = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel>(); // <ip:port, channel> /** * url对象 */ private final URL url; /** * 通道 */ private final ChannelHandler handler;
该类的属性比较简单,而且该类中实现的方法都是调用了属性handler的方法,我举一个例子来说,其余的能够本身查看源码,比较简单。app
@Override public void channelConnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception { // 得到通道实例 NettyChannel channel = NettyChannel.getOrAddChannel(ctx.getChannel(), url, handler); try { if (channel != null) { // 保存该通道,加入到集合中 channels.put(NetUtils.toAddressString((InetSocketAddress) ctx.getChannel().getRemoteAddress()), channel); } // 链接 handler.connected(channel); } finally { NettyChannel.removeChannelIfDisconnected(ctx.getChannel()); } }
该方法是通道链接的方法,其中先获取了通道实例,而后吧该实例加入到集合中,最好带哦用handler.connected来进行链接。
该类继承了AbstractClient,是基于netty3实现的客户端类。
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyClient.class); // ChannelFactory's closure has a DirectMemory leak, using static to avoid // https://issues.jboss.org/browse/NETTY-424 /** * 通道工厂,用static来避免直接缓存区的一个OOM问题 */ private static final ChannelFactory channelFactory = new NioClientSocketChannelFactory(Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyClientBoss", true)), Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyClientWorker", true)), Constants.DEFAULT_IO_THREADS); /** * 客户端引导对象 */ private ClientBootstrap bootstrap; /** * 通道 */ private volatile Channel channel; // volatile, please copy reference to use
上述属性中ChannelFactory用了static修饰,为了不netty3中会有直接缓冲内存泄漏的现象,具体的讨论能够访问注释中的讨论。
@Override protected void doOpen() throws Throwable { // 设置日志工厂 NettyHelper.setNettyLoggerFactory(); // 实例化客户端引导类 bootstrap = new ClientBootstrap(channelFactory); // config // @see org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannelConfig // 配置选择项 bootstrap.setOption("keepAlive", true); bootstrap.setOption("tcpNoDelay", true); bootstrap.setOption("connectTimeoutMillis", getConnectTimeout()); // 建立通道处理器 final NettyHandler nettyHandler = new NettyHandler(getUrl(), this); // 设置责任链路 bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() { /** * 得到通道 * @return */ @Override public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() { // 新建编解码 NettyCodecAdapter adapter = new NettyCodecAdapter(getCodec(), getUrl(), NettyClient.this); // 得到管道 ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline(); // 设置解码器 pipeline.addLast("decoder", adapter.getDecoder()); // 设置编码器 pipeline.addLast("encoder", adapter.getEncoder()); // 设置通道处理器 pipeline.addLast("handler", nettyHandler); // 返回通道 return pipeline; } }); }
该方法是建立客户端,而且打开,其中的逻辑就是用netty3的客户端引导类来建立一个客户端,若是对netty不熟悉的朋友能够先补补netty知识。
@Override protected void doConnect() throws Throwable { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 用引导类链接 ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(getConnectAddress()); try { // 在超时时间内是否链接完成 boolean ret = future.awaitUninterruptibly(getConnectTimeout(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); if (ret && future.isSuccess()) { // 得到通道 Channel newChannel = future.getChannel(); // 异步修改此通道 newChannel.setInterestOps(Channel.OP_READ_WRITE); try { // Close old channel 关闭旧的通道 Channel oldChannel = NettyClient.this.channel; // copy reference if (oldChannel != null) { try { if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Close old netty channel " + oldChannel + " on create new netty channel " + newChannel); } // 关闭 oldChannel.close(); } finally { // 移除通道 NettyChannel.removeChannelIfDisconnected(oldChannel); } } } finally { // 若是客户端关闭 if (NettyClient.this.isClosed()) { try { if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Close new netty channel " + newChannel + ", because the client closed."); } // 关闭通道 newChannel.close(); } finally { NettyClient.this.channel = null; NettyChannel.removeChannelIfDisconnected(newChannel); } } else { NettyClient.this.channel = newChannel; } } } else if (future.getCause() != null) { throw new RemotingException(this, "client(url: " + getUrl() + ") failed to connect to server " + getRemoteAddress() + ", error message is:" + future.getCause().getMessage(), future.getCause()); } else { throw new RemotingException(this, "client(url: " + getUrl() + ") failed to connect to server " + getRemoteAddress() + " client-side timeout " + getConnectTimeout() + "ms (elapsed: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "ms) from netty client " + NetUtils.getLocalHost() + " using dubbo version " + Version.getVersion()); } } finally { // 若是客户端没有链接 if (!isConnected()) { // 取消future future.cancel(); } } }
该方法是客户端链接服务器的方法。其中调用了bootstrap.connect。后面的逻辑是用来检测是否链接,最后若是未链接,则会取消该链接任务。
@Override protected void doClose() throws Throwable { /*try { bootstrap.releaseExternalResources(); } catch (Throwable t) { logger.warn(t.getMessage()); }*/ }
在这里不能关闭是由于channelFactory 是静态属性,被多个 NettyClient 共用。因此不能释放资源。
该类继承了AbstractServer,实现了Server,是基于netty3实现的服务器类。
/** * 链接该服务器的通道集合 */ private Map<String, Channel> channels; // <ip:port, channel> /** * 服务器引导类对象 */ private ServerBootstrap bootstrap; /** * 通道 */ private org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel channel;
@Override protected void doOpen() throws Throwable { // 设置日志工厂 NettyHelper.setNettyLoggerFactory(); // 建立线程池 ExecutorService boss = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyServerBoss", true)); ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyServerWorker", true)); // 新建通道工厂 ChannelFactory channelFactory = new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(boss, worker, getUrl().getPositiveParameter(Constants.IO_THREADS_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_IO_THREADS)); // 新建服务引导类对象 bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(channelFactory); // 新建通道处理器 final NettyHandler nettyHandler = new NettyHandler(getUrl(), this); // 得到通道集合 channels = nettyHandler.getChannels(); // https://issues.jboss.org/browse/NETTY-365 // https://issues.jboss.org/browse/NETTY-379 // final Timer timer = new HashedWheelTimer(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyIdleTimer", true)); // 禁用nagle算法,将数据当即发送出去。纳格算法是以减小封包传送量来增进TCP/IP网络的效能 bootstrap.setOption("child.tcpNoDelay", true); // 设置管道工厂 bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() { /** * 得到通道 * @return */ @Override public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() { // 新建编解码器 NettyCodecAdapter adapter = new NettyCodecAdapter(getCodec(), getUrl(), NettyServer.this); // 得到通道 ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline(); /*int idleTimeout = getIdleTimeout(); if (idleTimeout > 10000) { pipeline.addLast("timer", new IdleStateHandler(timer, idleTimeout / 1000, 0, 0)); }*/ // 设置解码器 pipeline.addLast("decoder", adapter.getDecoder()); // 设置编码器 pipeline.addLast("encoder", adapter.getEncoder()); // 设置通道处理器 pipeline.addLast("handler", nettyHandler); // 返回通道 return pipeline; } }); // bind 绑定地址,也就是启用服务器 channel = bootstrap.bind(getBindAddress()); }
该方法是建立服务器,而且打开服务器。一样建立服务器的方式跟正常的用netty建立服务器方式同样,只是新加了编码器和解码器。还有一个注意点就是这里ServerBootstrap 的可选项。
@Override protected void doClose() throws Throwable { try { if (channel != null) { // unbind.关闭通道 channel.close(); } } catch (Throwable e) { logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); } try { // 得到全部链接该服务器的通道集合 Collection<com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.Channel> channels = getChannels(); if (channels != null && !channels.isEmpty()) { // 遍历通道集合 for (com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.Channel channel : channels) { try { // 关闭通道链接 channel.close(); } catch (Throwable e) { logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); } } } } catch (Throwable e) { logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); } try { if (bootstrap != null) { // release external resource. 回收资源 bootstrap.releaseExternalResources(); } } catch (Throwable e) { logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); } try { if (channels != null) { // 清空集合 channels.clear(); } } catch (Throwable e) { logger.warn(e.getMessage(), e); } }
该方法是关闭服务器,一系列的操做很清晰,我就很少说了。
@Override public Collection<Channel> getChannels() { Collection<Channel> chs = new HashSet<Channel>(); for (Channel channel : this.channels.values()) { // 若是通道链接,则加入集合,返回 if (channel.isConnected()) { chs.add(channel); } else { channels.remove(NetUtils.toAddressString(channel.getRemoteAddress())); } } return chs; }
该方法是返回链接该服务器的通道集合,而且用了HashSet保存,不会重复。
public class NettyTransporter implements Transporter { public static final String NAME = "netty"; @Override public Server bind(URL url, ChannelHandler listener) throws RemotingException { // 建立一个NettyServer return new NettyServer(url, listener); } @Override public Client connect(URL url, ChannelHandler listener) throws RemotingException { // 建立一个NettyClient return new NettyClient(url, listener); } }
该类就是基于netty3的Transporter实现类,一样两个方法也是分别建立了NettyServer和NettyClient。
该类是设置日志的工具类,其中基于netty3的InternalLoggerFactory实现类一个DubboLoggerFactory。这个我就不讲解了,比较好理解,不理解也无伤大雅。
该类是基于netty3实现的编解码类。
/** * 编码者 */ private final ChannelHandler encoder = new InternalEncoder(); /** * 解码者 */ private final ChannelHandler decoder = new InternalDecoder(); /** * 编解码器 */ private final Codec2 codec; /** * url对象 */ private final URL url; /** * 缓冲区大小 */ private final int bufferSize; /** * 通道对象 */ private final com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.ChannelHandler handler;
InternalEncoder和InternalDecoder属性是该类的内部类,分别掌管着编码和解码
public NettyCodecAdapter(Codec2 codec, URL url, com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.ChannelHandler handler) { this.codec = codec; this.url = url; this.handler = handler; int b = url.getPositiveParameter(Constants.BUFFER_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE); // 若是缓存区大小在16字节之内,则设置配置大小,若是不是,则设置8字节的缓冲区大小 this.bufferSize = b >= Constants.MIN_BUFFER_SIZE && b <= Constants.MAX_BUFFER_SIZE ? b : Constants.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE; }
你会发现对于缓存区大小的规则都是同样的。
@Sharable private class InternalEncoder extends OneToOneEncoder { @Override protected Object encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Channel ch, Object msg) throws Exception { // 动态分配一个1k的缓冲区 com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.buffer.ChannelBuffer buffer = com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.buffer.ChannelBuffers.dynamicBuffer(1024); // 得到通道对象 NettyChannel channel = NettyChannel.getOrAddChannel(ch, url, handler); try { // 编码 codec.encode(channel, buffer, msg); } finally { NettyChannel.removeChannelIfDisconnected(ch); } // 基于buteBuffer建立一个缓冲区,而且写入数据 return ChannelBuffers.wrappedBuffer(buffer.toByteBuffer()); } }
该内部类实现类编码的逻辑,主要调用了codec.encode。
private class InternalDecoder extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler { private com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.buffer.ChannelBuffer buffer = com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.buffer.ChannelBuffers.EMPTY_BUFFER; @Override public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent event) throws Exception { Object o = event.getMessage(); // 若是消息不是一个ChannelBuffer类型 if (!(o instanceof ChannelBuffer)) { // 转发事件到与此上下文关联的处理程序最近的上游 ctx.sendUpstream(event); return; } ChannelBuffer input = (ChannelBuffer) o; // 若是可读数据不大于0,直接返回 int readable = input.readableBytes(); if (readable <= 0) { return; } com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.buffer.ChannelBuffer message; if (buffer.readable()) { // 判断buffer是不是动态分配的缓冲区 if (buffer instanceof DynamicChannelBuffer) { // 写入数据 buffer.writeBytes(input.toByteBuffer()); message = buffer; } else { // 须要的缓冲区大小 int size = buffer.readableBytes() + input.readableBytes(); // 动态生成缓冲区 message = com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.buffer.ChannelBuffers.dynamicBuffer( size > bufferSize ? size : bufferSize); // 把buffer数据写入message message.writeBytes(buffer, buffer.readableBytes()); // 把input数据写入message message.writeBytes(input.toByteBuffer()); } } else { // 不然 基于ByteBuffer经过buffer来建立一个新的缓冲区 message = com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.buffer.ChannelBuffers.wrappedBuffer( input.toByteBuffer()); } NettyChannel channel = NettyChannel.getOrAddChannel(ctx.getChannel(), url, handler); Object msg; int saveReaderIndex; try { // decode object. do { saveReaderIndex = message.readerIndex(); try { // 解码 msg = codec.decode(channel, message); } catch (IOException e) { buffer = com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.buffer.ChannelBuffers.EMPTY_BUFFER; throw e; } // 拆包 if (msg == Codec2.DecodeResult.NEED_MORE_INPUT) { message.readerIndex(saveReaderIndex); break; } else { // 若是已经到达读索引,则没有数据可解码 if (saveReaderIndex == message.readerIndex()) { buffer = com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.buffer.ChannelBuffers.EMPTY_BUFFER; throw new IOException("Decode without read data."); } // if (msg != null) { // 将消息发送到指定关联的处理程序最近的上游 Channels.fireMessageReceived(ctx, msg, event.getRemoteAddress()); } } } while (message.readable()); } finally { // 若是消息还有可读数据,则丢弃 if (message.readable()) { message.discardReadBytes(); buffer = message; } else { buffer = com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.buffer.ChannelBuffers.EMPTY_BUFFER; } NettyChannel.removeChannelIfDisconnected(ctx.getChannel()); } } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception { ctx.sendUpstream(e); } }
该内部类实现了解码的逻辑,其中大部分逻辑都在对数据作读写,关键的解码调用了codec.decode。
该类是建立缓冲区的工厂类。它实现了ChannelBufferFactory接口,也就是实现类它的三种得到缓冲区的方法。
public class NettyBackedChannelBufferFactory implements ChannelBufferFactory { /** * 单例 */ private static final NettyBackedChannelBufferFactory INSTANCE = new NettyBackedChannelBufferFactory(); public static ChannelBufferFactory getInstance() { return INSTANCE; } @Override public ChannelBuffer getBuffer(int capacity) { return new NettyBackedChannelBuffer(ChannelBuffers.dynamicBuffer(capacity)); } @Override public ChannelBuffer getBuffer(byte[] array, int offset, int length) { org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer buffer = ChannelBuffers.dynamicBuffer(length); buffer.writeBytes(array, offset, length); return new NettyBackedChannelBuffer(buffer); } @Override public ChannelBuffer getBuffer(ByteBuffer nioBuffer) { return new NettyBackedChannelBuffer(ChannelBuffers.wrappedBuffer(nioBuffer)); } }
能够看到,都是建立了一个NettyBackedChannelBuffer,下面讲解NettyBackedChannelBuffer。
该类是基于netty3的buffer从新实现的缓冲区,它实现了ChannelBuffer接口,而且有一个属性:
private org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer buffer;
那么其中的几乎全部方法都是调用了这个buffer的方法,由于我在dubbo源码解析(十一)远程通讯——Buffer中写到ChannelBuffer接口方法定义跟netty中的缓冲区定义几乎同样,连注释都几乎同样。全部知识单纯的调用了buffer的方法。具体的代码能够查看个人GitHub
该部分相关的源码解析地址: https://github.com/CrazyHZM/i...
该文章讲解了基于netty3的来实现的远程通讯、介绍dubbo-remoting-netty内的源码解析,关键须要对netty有所了解。下一篇我会讲解基于netty4实现远程通讯部分。