MySQL新建用户中的%到底包不包括localhost?

结论

版本 用户中的%是否包括localhost
MySQL8.0 包括
MySQL5.7 包括
MySQL5.6 不包括
MySQL5.1 不包括
MariaDB 10.3 不包括

详细分析

正常解释

%表明任何客户机均可以链接
localhost表明只能够本机链接

通常状况能访问本地数据库的都是加了权限了，通常都是禁止别的机器访问本地的mysql端口的，若是容许也是要加上指定ip才能够访问，这样才能保证数据库不会被远程访问。

1 前言
操做MySQL的时候发现，有时只建了%的帐号，能够经过localhost链接，有时候却不能够，网上搜索也找不到满意的答案，干脆手动测试一波

2 两种链接方法
这里说的两种链接方法指是执行mysql命令时，-h参数填的是localhost仍是IP, 两种链接方式的区别以下

-h 参数为 localhost
当-h参数为localhost的时候，其实是使用socket链接的（默认链接方式）, 实例以下

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password:
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id: 9
Current database:
Current user: test_user@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ‘’
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket

从Current user能够看到用户是xx@localhost, 链接方式为Localhost via UNIX socket

-h 参数为 IP
当-h参数为IP的时候，其实是使用TCP链接的, 实例以下

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status

/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id: 11
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ‘’
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: utf8

从Current user能够看到用户是xx@127.0.0.1, 链接方式为TCP/IP

3 不一样版本的差异
测试方法就是看能不能链接，若是不想看测试过程能够拉到最后看结论

3.1 MySQL 8.0
建立用户

mysql> select version();
±----------+
| version() |
±----------+
| 8.0.11 |
±----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create user test_user@’%’ identified by ‘test_user’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
使用 localhost 登陆
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status

/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id: 9
Current database:
Current user: test_user@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ‘’
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
…

使用 IP 登陆

[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status

/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id: 8
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ‘’
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

结果显示8.0版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost

3.2 MySQL 5.7
建立 % 用户

db83-3306>>create user test_user@’%’ identified by ‘test_user’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

使用 localhost 登陆

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id: 9
Current database:
Current user: test_user@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ‘’
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
…

使用 IP 登陆

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status

/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id: 11
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ‘’
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: utf8
…

结果显示5.7版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost

3.3 MySQL 5.6
建立用户

db83-3306>>select version();
±-----------+
| version() |
±-----------+
| 5.6.10-log |
±-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

db83-3306>>create user test_user@’%’ identified by ‘test_user’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

使用 localhost 登陆

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘test_user’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES)

使用 IP 登陆

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status

/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id: 3
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ‘’
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
…

结果显示MySQL 5.6的%不包括localhost

3.4 MySQL 5.1
建立用户

mysql> select version();
±----------+
| version() |
±----------+
| 5.1.73 |
±----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create user test_user@’%’ identified by ‘test_user’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

使用 localhost 登陆

[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘test_user’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES)
使用 IP 登陆
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4901339
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status

mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1

Connection id: 4901339
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ‘’
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

结果显示 5.1 版本的%不包括localhost

3.5 MariaDB 10.3
建立用户

db83-3306>>select version();
±--------------------+
| version() |
±--------------------+
| 10.3.11-MariaDB-log |
±--------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

db83-3306>>create user test_user@’%’ identified by ‘test_user’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

使用 localhost 登陆

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘test_user’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES)

使用 IP 登陆

[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
========= 省略 ===========

MariaDB [(none)]> status

/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1

Connection id: 12
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: ‘’ Using delimiter: ; Server: MariaDB Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP