手把手带你实现最简单的插件化[二](Activity)

背景

上文在手把手带你实现最简单的插件化[一]咱们实现了最简单的插件化,也介绍了插件化实现过程当中须要用到的知识点,最后咱们实现了从app中加载sd卡中的dex文件,调用dex中Test类的方法。今天咱们将实现Activity的插件化,Activity是须要在清单文件中注册的,插件中的Activity没有在宿主的清单文件中注册,那么咱们如何启动它呢?java

Activity的插件化思路

Activity是四大组件用的最频繁的组件,Activity的插件化也是各大插件化框架必须实现的功能。Activity插件化与Activity的启动有着密切的关系。android

Activity的启动过程须要由应用进程与AMS共同完成,当要启动一个Activity时,应用进程会向AMS发起请求,AMS收到这个包含要启动的Activity信息的请求后会进行一些列的处理以及权限校验,处理校验完成后回调到应用进程,由Activity所属的应用进程完成Activity的启动。数组

所以现有的插件化框架都会有一套越过AndroidMainfest.xml注册而启动Activity的机制,本文就带大家实现和分析这一套机制性能优化

由于AMS会进行Activity的处理和权限校验(是否注册),处理校验完会回到应用进程,由Activity所属的应用进程完成Activity的启动。那么思路就来了,咱们能够在宿主App中建立一个ProxyActivity继承自Activity,而且在清单中注册,当启动插件中的Activity的时候,在系统检测前,找到一个Hook点,而后经过Hook将插件Activity替换成ProxyActivity,等到AMS检测完以后,再找一个Hook点将它们换回来,这样就实现了插件Activity的启动。思路虽然简单,可是须要熟悉Activity启动流程,动态代理,反射,Handler等原理,因此其实并不简单,须要很深的功力markdown

先来看一下Activity的启动流程app

经过这张图咱们能够肯定Hook点的大体位置。框架

  1. 在进入AMS以前,找到一个Hook点,用来将插件Activity替换为ProxyActivity。
  2. 从AMS出来后,再找一个Hook点,用来将ProxyActivity替换为插件Activity。

Hook Activity启动入口

咱们在启动Activity通常经过Intent包装后调用startActivity来启动,咱们能够在AMS检查以前将Intent中的要启动的Activity替换为咱们本地已经注册过的ProxyActivity,同时把咱们要启动的插件Activity保存在Intent中,而后在通过AMS校验以后,再把Intent中的ProxyActivity再替换为插件中的Activity并启动,也就是说可以修改Intent的地方就能够做为Hook点ide

这里要强调一下,查找Hook点应该尽可能找静态变量或者单例对象,尽可能Hook public的对象和方法。为何呢?由于静态变量好获取,不容易被改变,并且静态变量只要找一个,不是静态变量就可能有多个对象,须要进一步的判断;为何要找public方法呢,由于private方法可能被内部调用,影响该类的多个方法,固然这不是主要缘由(public也有可能),主要是public是提供给外部使用的,通常是不容易改变。oop

下面咱们进入源码post

//Activity.java
@Override
    public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
        this.startActivity(intent, null);
    }

    @Override
    public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
        if (options != null) {
            startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
        } else {
            // Note we want to go through this call for compatibility with
            // applications that may have overridden the method.
            startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
        }
    }

    public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode, @Nullable Bundle options) {
        if (mParent == null) {
            options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
            Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
                mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
                    this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
                    intent, requestCode, options);
						···
    }
复制代码

而后咱们进入Instrumentation的execStartActivity方法中

public ActivityResult execStartActivity( Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target, Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
    IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
    Uri referrer = target != null ? target.onProvideReferrer() : null;
    if (referrer != null) {
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REFERRER, referrer);
    }
		···
    try {
        intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
        intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who);
      	//这里就是咱们的Hook点,替换传入startActivity方法中的Intent参数
        int result = ActivityManager.getService()
            .startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
                    intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
                    token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
                    requestCode, 0, null, options);
        checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
    }
    return null;
}
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为何就能直接看出这是个Hook点呢,由于ActivityManager.getService().startActivity这个调用中含有参数Intent,同时getService()方法是一个静态public方法,方便hook

public static IActivityManager getService() {
    return IActivityManagerSingleton.get();
}
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找到该Hook点,经过动态代理(IActivityManager是个接口),咱们要生成一个代理对象,咱们要代理的是ActivityManager.getService()返回的对象,同时替换它的参数Intent

//建立动态代理对象
Class<?> iActivityManagerClass = Class.forName("android.app.IActivityManager");

Object proxyInstance = Proxy.newProxyInstance(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(),
        new Class[]{iActivityManagerClass}, new InvocationHandler() {
            @Override
            public Object invoke(Object o, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
                // do something
                // Intent的修改 -- 过滤
                /** * IActivityManager类的方法 * startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent, * intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()), * token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null, * requestCode, 0, null, options) */
                //过滤
                if ("startActivity".equals(method.getName())) {
                    int index = -1;
                    //获取Intent参数在args数组中的index值
                    for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                        if (args[i] instanceof Intent) {
                            index = i;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    //获得原始的Intent对象
                    Intent intent = (Intent) args[index];

                    //生成代理proxyIntent
                    Intent proxyIntent = new Intent();
                    proxyIntent.setClassName("com.jackie.plugingodemo", ProxyActivity.class.getName());
                    //保存原始的Intent对象
                    proxyIntent.putExtra(TARGET_INTENT, intent);
                    //使用proxyIntent替换数组中的Intent
                    args[index] = proxyIntent;
                }

                //args method须要的参数 --不改变原有的执行流程
                //mInstance 系统的IActivityManager对象
                return method.invoke(mInstance, args);
            }
        });
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接着咱们再使用反射将系统中的IActivityManager对象替换为咱们的代理对象proxyInstance,如何替换?咱们来看一下源码。

//ActivityManager.class
    public static IActivityManager getService() {
        return IActivityManagerSingleton.get();
    }

    private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> IActivityManagerSingleton =
            new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
                @Override
                protected IActivityManager create() {
                    final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
                    final IActivityManager am = IActivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
                    return am;
                }
            };
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再来看看SingleTon的源码

public abstract class Singleton<T> {
    private T mInstance;

    protected abstract T create();

    public final T get() {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mInstance == null) {
                mInstance = create();
            }
            return mInstance;
        }
    }
}
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能够看到,IActivityManagerSingleton.get()实际上返回的就是mInstance对象,接下来咱们要替换的就是这个对象,代码以下:

//获取Singleton<T>对象
Field singletonField = null;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O) { //8.0
    Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityManagerNative");
    singletonField = clazz.getDeclaredField("gDefault");
} else {
    Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityManager");
    singletonField = clazz.getDeclaredField("IActivityManagerSingleton");
}
singletonField.setAccessible(true);
Object singleton = singletonField.get(null); //静态的能够直接获取,传入null

//获取mInstance对象,mInstance是非静态的,mInstance对象是系统的IActivityManager对象,也就是ActivityManager.getService()
Class<?> singletonClass = Class.forName("android.util.Singleton");
Field mInstanceField = singletonClass.getDeclaredField("mInstance");
mInstanceField.setAccessible(true);

final Object mInstance = mInstanceField.get(singleton);


//建立动态代理对象
···
//替换
mInstanceField.set(singleton, proxyInstance);
复制代码

到此为止,咱们的第一次Hook就已经实现了,下面咱们来看第二次Hook点。

Hook Activity启动出口

从前面的那张图咱们能够看到在出来的时候,会调用H(handler)的handleMessage方法,在handleMessage方法中(注意这里是android 7.0,和8.0/9.0的源码不一样)

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
1452            if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
1453            switch (msg.what) {
1454                case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
1455                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
1456                    final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
1457
1458                    r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
1459                            r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
1460                    handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY");
1461                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
1462                } break;
复制代码

在这里咱们并无看到咱们的Intent,继续玩下看handleLaunchActivity

private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) {
2688        // If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
2689        // we are back active so skip it.
2690        unscheduleGcIdler();
2691        mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
2692
2693        if (r.profilerInfo != null) {
2694            mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo);
2695            mProfiler.startProfiling();
2696        }
2697
2698        // Make sure we are running with the most recent config.
2699        handleConfigurationChanged(null, null);
2700
2701        if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
2702            TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);
2703
2704        // Initialize before creating the activity
2705        WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
2706
2707        Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
  					···
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注意这个方法的参数customIntent并非咱们想要的Intent,由于上面该参数传的是null。继续看performLaunchActivity

private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
2515        // System.out.println("##### [" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "] ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(" + r + ")");
2516
2517        ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
2518        if (r.packageInfo == null) {
2519            r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo,
2520                    Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
2521        }
2522
2523        ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
2524        if (component == null) {
2525            component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
2526                mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
2527            r.intent.setComponent(component);
2528        }
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能够看到该方法中有(ActivityClientRecord)r.intent方法,注意,不是说有看到Intent的能够Hook,也要看这个intent所属的是什么对象,也就是说你要熟悉系统中的一些常见类,ActivityRecord和ActivityClientRecord都是保存Activity信息的对象。只不过,ActivityRecord归system_server进程使用,ActivityClientRecord归App进程使用

因此这里能够对ActivityClientRecord的intent进行hook,ActivityClientRecord方法中的intent(非静态)

static final class ActivityClientRecord {
310        IBinder token;
311        int ident;
312        Intent intent;
复制代码

要获取非静态的intent,首先咱们要获取ActivityClientRecord对象,那么若是获取该对象呢?倒推回去,performLaunchActivity被handleLaunchActivity调用,而后handleLaunchActivity在处理LAUNCH_ACTIVITY消息时被调用

final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
复制代码

能够看到,咱们的这个r(ActivityClientRecord)其实是个msg.obj,也就是说能拿到msg(Message)就能够拿到r对象了,那怎么拿到msg呢,也就是咱们上面说的mCallback,将mCallback做为hook点,替换或建立整个mCallback,咱们就能够拿到该消息了

下面咱们来看一下Handler的源码:

/** * Handle system messages here. */
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
    if (msg.callback != null) {
        handleCallback(msg);
    } else {
        if (mCallback != null) {
            if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                return;
            }
        }
        handleMessage(msg);
    }
}
复制代码

若是不了解Handler的源码,能够看看我以前写的文章Handler的初级、中级、高级问法,你都掌握了吗?,消息的发送最终会调用dispatchMessage方法,而后分发给handleMessage方法(若是该方法有被调用的话),仔细看该方法,若是Handle.mCallback不为空的话,会首先执行mCallback.handleMessage(msg)方法,同时只有在mCallback.handleMessage(msg)返回为false的时候,才会继续执行下面的handleMessage方法,这个很是重要。咱们再来看系统的H(Handler)

//ActivityThread.java
final H mH = new H();

//Handler.java
113    public Handler() {  //第一个参数是callback
114        this(null, false);
115    }
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也就是说系统的这个Handler在传callback参数时是空的,没有Callback,那么咱们须要本身建立一个Callback

// 建立的 callback
Handler.Callback callback = new Handler.Callback() {

    @Override
    public boolean handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
        // 经过msg 能够拿到 Intent,能够换回执行插件的Intent

        // 找到 Intent的方便替换的地方 --- 在这个类里面 ActivityClientRecord --- Intent intent 非静态
        // msg.obj == ActivityClientRecord
        switch (msg.what) {
            case 100:
                try {
                    Field intentField = msg.obj.getClass().getDeclaredField("intent");
                    intentField.setAccessible(true);
                    // 启动代理Intent
                    Intent proxyIntent = (Intent) intentField.get(msg.obj);
                    // 启动插件的 Intent
                    Intent intent = proxyIntent.getParcelableExtra(TARGET_INTENT);
                    if (intent != null) {
                        intentField.set(msg.obj, intent);
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                break;
            case 159:
                try {
                    // 获取 mActivityCallbacks 对象
                    Field mActivityCallbacksField = msg.obj.getClass()
                            .getDeclaredField("mActivityCallbacks");

                    mActivityCallbacksField.setAccessible(true);
                    List mActivityCallbacks = (List) mActivityCallbacksField.get(msg.obj);

                    for (int i = 0; i < mActivityCallbacks.size(); i++) {
                        if (mActivityCallbacks.get(i).getClass().getName()
                                .equals("android.app.servertransaction.LaunchActivityItem")) {
                            Object launchActivityItem = mActivityCallbacks.get(i);

                            // 获取启动代理的 Intent
                            Field mIntentField = launchActivityItem.getClass()
                                    .getDeclaredField("mIntent");
                            mIntentField.setAccessible(true);
                            Intent proxyIntent = (Intent) mIntentField.get(launchActivityItem);

                            // 目标 intent 替换 proxyIntent
                            Intent intent = proxyIntent.getParcelableExtra(TARGET_INTENT);
                            if (intent != null) {
                                mIntentField.set(launchActivityItem, intent);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                break;
        }
        // 必须 return false
        return false;
    }
};
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同时在该方法中从Intent中拿出插件的Activity,最终启动该Activity。而后经过反射给系统的H(Handler)设置一个Callback

// 获取 ActivityThread 类的 Class 对象
            Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread");

            // 获取 ActivityThread 对象
            Field activityThreadField = clazz.getDeclaredField("sCurrentActivityThread");
            activityThreadField.setAccessible(true);
            Object activityThread = activityThreadField.get(null);

            // 获取 mH 对象
            Field mHField = clazz.getDeclaredField("mH");
            mHField.setAccessible(true);
            final Handler mH = (Handler) mHField.get(activityThread);

            Field mCallbackField = Handler.class.getDeclaredField("mCallback");
            mCallbackField.setAccessible(true);

            // 建立的 callback
						···
            // 替换系统的 callBack
            mCallbackField.set(mH, callback);
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到这来咱们就实现了Activity的插件化,固然Hook点不止这些,有兴趣的读者能够本身寻找,同时在不一样版本上源码的实现方式也不一样,须要进行适配。在Android10上,系统对源码作了较大的修改,有兴趣的能够本身实现一波。

最后你可能会碰到这么一个异常

2020-11-29 12:27:33.247 19124-19124/com.jackie.plugingodemo D/AppCompatDelegate: Exception while getting ActivityInfo
    android.content.pm.PackageManager$NameNotFoundException: ComponentInfo{com.jackie.plugingodemo/com.jackie.plugin.PluginActivity}
        at android.app.ApplicationPackageManager.getActivityInfo(ApplicationPackageManager.java:435)
        at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDelegateImpl.isActivityManifestHandlingUiMode(AppCompatDelegateImpl.java:2649)
        at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDelegateImpl.updateForNightMode(AppCompatDelegateImpl.java:2499)
        at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDelegateImpl.applyDayNight(AppCompatDelegateImpl.java:2374)
        at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDelegateImpl.onCreate(AppCompatDelegateImpl.java:494)
        at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity.onCreate(AppCompatActivity.java:114)
        at com.jackie.plugin.PluginActivity.onCreate(PluginActivity.java:12)
        at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7136)
        at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7127)
        at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1271)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2893)
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该异常提示咱们找不到ActivityInfo,而后咱们到抛出异常的方法看一下

private boolean isActivityManifestHandlingUiMode() {
    if (!mActivityHandlesUiModeChecked && mHost instanceof Activity) {
        final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
        if (pm == null) {
            // If we don't have a PackageManager, return false. Don't set
            // the checked flag though so we still check again later
            return false;
        }
        try {
            int flags = 0;
            // On newer versions of the OS we need to pass direct boot
            // flags so that getActivityInfo doesn't crash under strict
            // mode checks
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) {
                flags = PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AUTO
                        | PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AWARE
                        | PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_UNAWARE;
            } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
                flags = PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AWARE
                        | PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_UNAWARE;
            }
            final ActivityInfo info = pm.getActivityInfo(
                    new ComponentName(mContext, mHost.getClass()), flags);
            mActivityHandlesUiMode = info != null
                    && (info.configChanges & ActivityInfo.CONFIG_UI_MODE) != 0;
        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
            // This shouldn't happen but let's not crash because of it, we'll just log and
            // return false (since most apps won't be handling it)
            Log.d(TAG, "Exception while getting ActivityInfo", e);
            mActivityHandlesUiMode = false;
        }
    }
    // Flip the checked flag so we don't check again
    mActivityHandlesUiModeChecked = true;

    return mActivityHandlesUiMode;
}
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而后进如pm.getActivityInfo方法

/** * Retrieve all of the information we know about a particular activity * class. * * @param component The full component name (i.e. * com.google.apps.contacts/com.google.apps.contacts. * ContactsList) of an Activity class. * @param flags Additional option flags to modify the data returned. * @return An {@link ActivityInfo} containing information about the * activity. * @throws NameNotFoundException if a package with the given name cannot be * found on the system. */
public abstract ActivityInfo getActivityInfo(ComponentName component, @ComponentInfoFlags int flags) throws NameNotFoundException;
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经过查看该方法注释,能够看到当找不到该Activity的包名,也就是在系统中找不到,就会抛出异常了,由于咱们的插件包名和宿主App的包名不一致致使的,不过系统也为咱们捕获了该异常了。

咱们为何要学插件化

Activity插件化的实现很重要的一点是寻找Hook点,如何寻找Hook点须要咱们对Activity启动流程很是熟悉。插件化涉及到的技术其实不少,四大组件的启动流程,AMS/PKMS等系统服务启动流程,Handler,反射,动态代理等等,里面运用到不少Android自身的知识,而不只仅是Java的知识,有点像Android技术的“集大成者”。因此若是你想成为一个高级开发,就应该懂得像插件化,热修复这样的技术难点。最后,看完本文喜欢的点个赞和关注吧。

近期的一些文章:

手把手带你实现最简单的插件化[一]

Activity的初级,中级,高级问法,你都掌握了吗?

Handler的初级、中级、高级问法,你都掌握了吗?(深度好文)

性能优化:为何要使用SparseArray和ArrayMap替代HashMap?

参考文章:

zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/109157321

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