JavaWeb用户登录功能的实现
大四快毕业了，3年多的时间中，乱七八糟得学了一大堆，想趁找工作之前把所学的东西整理一遍，所以就尝试着做一个完整的JavaWeb系统，这几天试着做了一个用户登录的功能，分享给大家，肯定有很多不完善的地方，希望大家提提宝贵的意见，必将努力完善它。
我贴出此篇博客的目的是，将一些以后有可能用到的重复性的代码保存下来，用于以后需要时直接复制粘贴，所以，此篇博客大部分都是代码，讲解性的语句并不多，如果大家看得头疼，不如不看，以后万一用到的话再拿过来修修改改即可。
有可能用得到的部分：生成验证码的Java类、操作数据库的Java类
用户登录模块采用了多种语言：
Html、css、query：页面
Servlet、java：后台
运行效果图：
Login.html代码：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登录界面</title>
<script src="js/jquery-1.11.1.js"></script>
<script src="js/login.js"></script>
<link href="css/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="loginpanelwrap">
<div class="loginheader">
<div class="logintitle">登录</div>
</div>
<form action = "/UserLogin/Sample1/loginServlet">
<div class="loginform">
<div class="loginform_row">
<label>用户名:</label>
<input type="text" class="loginform_input" name="username" />
</div>
<div class="loginform_row">
<label>密码:</label>
<input type="password" class="loginform_input" name="password" />
</div>
<div class = "loginform_row">
<label>验证码:</label>
<input type = "text" class="loginform_input_validationCode" name = "validationCode"/>
<img class = "validationCode_img" src="/UserLogin/Sample1/validationCode">
</div>
<div class="loginform_row">
<span class = "returnInfo"></span>
<input type="submit" class="loginform_submit" value="登录" />
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
JQuery代码：login.js
$(function(){
$(".loginform_submit").click(function(){
if(checkInput()) {
$("form").action("/loginServlet");
}else{
return false;
}
});
$(".validationCode_img").click(function(){
$(".validationCode_img").attr("src","/UserLogin/Sample1/validationCode?"+Math.random());
});
function checkInput(){
//判断用户名
if($("input[name=username]").val() == null || $("input[name=username]").val() == ""){
alert("用户名不能为空");
$("input[name=username]").focus();
return false;
}
//判断密码
if($("input[name=password]").val() == null || $("input[name=password]").val() == ""){
alert("密码不能为空");
$("input[name=password]").focus();
return false;
}
//判断验证码
if($("input[name=validationCode]").val() == null || $("input[name=validationCode]").val() == ""){
alert("验证码不能为空");
$("input[name=validationCode]").focus();
return false;
}
return true;
}
});
生成验证码的Servlet：ValidationCode.java
package zh.userlogin.sample;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* Created by zhang on 2014/9/13.
*/
public class ValidationCode extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获得验证码集合的长度
int charsLength = codeChars.length();
//下面3条记录是关闭客户端浏览器的缓冲区
//这3条语句都可以关闭浏览器的缓冲区，但是由于浏览器的版本不同，对这3条语句的支持也不同
//因此，为了保险起见，同时使用这3条语句来关闭浏览器的缓冲区
resp.setHeader("ragma", "No-cache");
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
resp.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
//设置图形验证码的长和宽
int width = 90, height = 30;
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics g = image.getGraphics(); //获得用于输出文字的Graphics对象
Random random = new Random();
g.setColor(getRandomColor(180, 250));
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman",Font.ITALIC,height));
g.setColor(getRandomColor(120, 180));
//用户保存最后随机生成的验证码
StringBuilder validationCode = new StringBuilder();
//验证码的随机字体
String[] fontNames = {"Times New Roman","Book antiqua","Arial"};
//随机生成4个验证码
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
//随机设置当前验证码的字符的字体
g.setFont(new Font(fontNames[random.nextInt(3)],Font.ITALIC,height));
//随机获得当前验证码的字符
char codeChar = codeChars.charAt(random.nextInt(charsLength));
validationCode.append(codeChar);
//随机设置当前验证码字符的颜色
g.setColor(getRandomColor(10, 100));
//在图形上输出验证码字符，x和y都是随机生成的
g.drawString(String.valueOf(codeChar), 16*i + random.nextInt(7), height-random.nextInt(6));
}
//获得HttpSession对象
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//设置session对象5分钟失效
session.setMaxInactiveInterval(5*60);
//将验证码保存在session对象中,key为validation_code
session.setAttribute("validation_code", validationCode.toString());
//关闭Graphics对象
g.dispose();
OutputStream outS = resp.getOutputStream();
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", outS);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
//图形验证码的字符集，系统将随机从这个字符串中选择一些字符作为验证码
private static String codeChars = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
//返回一个随机颜色
private static Color getRandomColor(int minColor, int maxColor){
Random random = new Random();
if(minColor > 255){
minColor = 255;
}
if(maxColor > 255){
maxColor = 255;
}
//获得r的随机颜色值
int red = minColor + random.nextInt(maxColor-minColor);
//g
int green = minColor + random.nextInt(maxColor-minColor);
//b
int blue = minColor + random.nextInt(maxColor-minColor);
return new Color(red,green,blue);
}
}
操作数据库的代码:ManageSQLServer2008.java(本人使用的数据库为SQLServer 2008)
package zh.userlogin.sample.dbmanager;
import java.beans.Statement;
import java.sql.*;
public class ManageSQLServer2008 {
//数据库的驱动名
private final String dbDriver = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver";
//数据库的url地址
private final String url = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=zhDemo";
private final String userName = "sa";
private final String password = "123";
private Connection conn = null;
public ManageSQLServer2008(){
//加载数据库驱动
try {
Class.forName(dbDriver).newInstance();
//System.out.println("加载驱动成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.err.println("数据库驱动加载失败");
}
//获取数据库链接
try {
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,userName,password);
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
System.err.println("获取数据库链接失败");
}
}
//执行各种SQL语句的方法
private ResultSet execSQL(String sql,Object... args) throws SQLException{
//建立PreparedStatement对象
PreparedStatement pStmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//为pStmt对象设置SQL参数值
for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++){
pStmt.setObject(i+1, args[i]);
}
//执行SQL语句
pStmt.execute();
//返回结果集,如果执行的SQL语句不返回结果集，则返回null
return pStmt.getResultSet();
}
private void closeSQLConn(){
//关闭数据库链接
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public String checkUser(String username,String password){
boolean has_username = false;
boolean password_correct = false;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
rs = execSQL("select * from zh_users");
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.err.println("查询数据库出错");
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
try {
while(rs.next()){
String temp_username = rs.getString("user_name").trim();
String temp_password = rs.getString("password_md5").trim();
if(username.equals(temp_username)){
has_username = true;
if(password.equals(temp_password)){
password_correct = true;
return "hasUserNameAndPasswordCorrect";
}
return "hasUserNameButPasswordInCorrect";
}
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.err.println("操作ResultSet出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "hasNoUserName";
}
}
用于处理用户登录的Servlet:LoginServlet.java
package zh.userlogin.sample;
import zh.userlogin.sample.dbmanager.ManageSQLServer2008;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
/**
* Created by zhang on 2014/9/13.
*/
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
OutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String validationCode = req.getParameter("validationCode");
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
String validation_code = (String)session.getAttribute("validation_code");
if(validationCode.equalsIgnoreCase(validation_code)){
System.out.println("验证码正确");
}else{
System.out.println("验证码错误");
}
ManageSQLServer2008 mss = new ManageSQLServer2008();
String result = mss.checkUser(username,password);
if (result.equals("hasUserNameAndPasswordCorrect")) {
System.out.println("用户名和密码均正确");
} else if (result.equals("hasUserNameButPasswordInCorrect")) {
System.out.println("用户名正确,密码不正确");
} else if (result.equals("hasNoUserName")) {
System.out.println("没有此用户");
}
//转发到result.jsp
RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher("Login.html");
rd.forward(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
}
web.xml文件的配置:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>loginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>zh.userlogin.sample.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>loginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/loginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>validationCode</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>zh.userlogin.sample.ValidationCode</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>validationCode</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/validationCode</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
最后的style.css代码，太多了，而且有点乱，所以就没有贴出来，至于CSS代码，大家可以去网上下载：http://sc.chinaz.com/tag_moban/htmlMoBan.html这个上面就有好多，大家根据喜好选择一个，然后稍加即可。
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