join方法只有在继承了Thread类的线程中才有。java
线程必需要start() 后再join才能起做用。oop
join是Thread类的一个方法,启动线程后直接调用。this
在不少状况下,主线程生成并启动了子线程,若是子线要进行大量的耗时运算,主线程每每先于子线程结束,可是若是主线程处理完其余的事务后,须要用到子线程的处理结果,也就是主线程须要等待子线程执行完以后再结束,这个时候就用join方法。spa
换句话说将另一个线程join到当前线程,则须要等到join进来的线程执行完才会继续执行当前线程。join来者是客,让客人先执行完。线程
在JDK文档里,JAVA对join方法的描述是:code
join
public final void join() throws InterruptedException Waits for this thread to die. Throws: InterruptedException - if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.对象
也就是说,join的做用是等待该线程终止,这里须要理解的就是该线程是指主线程等待子线程的终止。也就是在子线程调用了join方法后面的代码,只有等到子线程结束了才能执行。继承
class BThread extends Thread { public BThread() { super("[BThread] Thread"); }; public void run() { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); try { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { System.out.println(threadName + " loop at " + i); Thread.sleep(1000); } System.out.println(threadName + " end."); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run"); } } } class AThread extends Thread { BThread bt; public AThread(BThread bt) { super("[AThread] Thread"); this.bt = bt; } public void run() { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); try { bt.join(); System.out.println(threadName + " end."); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run"); } } } public class TestDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); BThread bt = new BThread(); AThread at = new AThread(bt); try { bt.start(); Thread.sleep(2000);//确保bt线程启动 at.start(); at.join(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from main"); } System.out.println(threadName + " end!"); } }
打印结果为:事务
main start. //主线程起动,由于调用了at.join(),要等到at结束了,此线程才能向下执行。 [BThread] Thread start. [BThread] Thread loop at 0 [BThread] Thread loop at 1 [AThread] Thread start. //线程at启动,由于调用bt.join(),等到bt结束了才向下执行。 [BThread] Thread loop at 2 [BThread] Thread loop at 3 [BThread] Thread loop at 4 [BThread] Thread end. [AThread] Thread end. // 线程AThread在bt.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果 main end! //线程AThread结束,此线程在at.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果。
那咱们修改一下代码:
文档
public class TestDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); BThread bt = new BThread(); AThread at = new AThread(bt); try { bt.start(); Thread.sleep(2000); at.start(); //at.join(); //在此处注释掉对join()的调用 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from main"); } System.out.println(threadName + " end!"); } }
结果为:
main start. // 主线程起动,由于Thread.sleep(2000),主线程没有立刻结束; [BThread] Thread start. //线程BThread起动 [BThread] Thread loop at 0 [BThread] Thread loop at 1 main end! // 在sleep两秒后主线程结束,AThread执行的bt.join();并不会影响到主线程。 [AThread] Thread start. //线程at起动,由于调用了bt.join(),等到bt结束了,此线程才向下执行。 [BThread] Thread loop at 2 [BThread] Thread loop at 3 [BThread] Thread loop at 4 [BThread] Thread end. //线程BThread结束了 [AThread] Thread end. // 线程AThread在bt.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果
在AThread的run方法里,执行了bt.join(); 进入看一下它的JDK源码:
public final void join() throws InterruptedException { join(0L); }
而后进入join(0L)方法:
public final synchronized void join(long l) throws InterruptedException { long l1 = System.currentTimeMillis(); long l2 = 0L; if(l < 0L) throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative"); if(l == 0L) for(; isAlive(); wait(0L)); else do { if(!isAlive()) break; long l3 = l - l2; if(l3 <= 0L) break; wait(l3); l2 = System.currentTimeMillis() - l1; } while(true); }
单纯从代码上看:
* 若是线程被生成了,但还未被起动,isAlive()将返回false,调用它的join()方法是没有做用的。将直接继续向下执行。
* 在AThread类中的run方法中,bt.join()是判断bt的active状态,若是bt的isActive()方法返回false,在bt.join(),这一点就不用阻塞了,能够继续向下进行了。从源码里看,wait方法中有参数,也就是不用唤醒谁,只是再也不执行wait,向下继续执行而已。
* 在join()方法中,对于isAlive()和wait()方法的做用对象是个比较让人困惑的问题:
isAlive()方法的签名是:public final native boolean isAlive(),也就是说isAlive()是判断当前线程的状态,也就是bt的状态。