SOLR使用手册之操做collection

一.Collections API 

参考：https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/solr/Collections+API 

由于API比较多，我就不一一列举，只列出比较重要的几个

1.建立collection
官方示例：/admin/collections?action=CREATE&name=name&numShards=number&replicationFactor=number&maxShardsPerNode=number&createNodeSet=nodelist&collection.configName=configname

 （1） 个人示例：

         http://192.168.66.99:8080/solr/admin/collections?action=CREATE&name=test&numShards=2&replicationFactor=2&maxShardsPerNode=3

         name指明collection名称

numShards指明分片数

replicationFactor指明副本数

maxShardsPerNode 每一个节点最大分片数（默认为1）

（2）当咱们想指定配置文件，索引目录时，能够加入以下参数

property.name=value

string

No

Set core property name to value. See core.properties file contents.

可选参数以下：

key

Description

name	The name of the SolrCore. You'll use this name to reference the SolrCore when running commands with the CoreAdminHandler.
config	The configuration file name for a given core. The default is solrconfig.xml.
schema	The schema file name for a given core. The default is schema.xml
dataDir	Core's data directory as a path relative to the instanceDir, data by default.
configSet	If set, the name of the configset to use to configure the core (see Config Sets).
properties	The name of the properties file for this core. The value can be an absolute pathname or a path relative to the value of instanceDir.
transient	If true, the core can be unloaded if Solr reaches the transientCacheSize. The default if not specified is false. Cores are unloaded in order of least recently used first.
loadOnStartup	If true, the default if it is not specified, the core will loaded when Solr starts.
coreNodeName	Added in Solr 4.2, this attributes allows naming a core. The name can then be used later if you need to replace a machine with a new one. By assigning the new machine the same coreNodeName as the old core, it will take over for the old SolrCore.
ulogDir	The absolute or relative directory for the update log for this core (SolrCloud)
shard	The shard to assign this core to (SolrCloud)
collection	The name of the collection this core is part of (SolrCloud)
roles	Future param for SolrCloud or a way for users to mark nodes for their own use.

 

 （3）运行http://192.168.66.99:8080/solr/admin/collections?action=CREATE&name=test&numShards=2&replicationFactor=2&maxShardsPerNode=3&property.schema=schema2.xml&property.dataDir=/usr/local/data/solr

以上命令将会建立collection test，指定schema2.xml做为其schema配置文件，并指定/usr/local/data/solr为其数据存放目录                                    

（注意若是指定相关配置文件，首先要向zookeeper中上传相关的配置，运行一下命令将schema2.xml上传到zookeeper

 java -classpath .:/usr/local/solr/solrhome-1/lib/* org.apache.solr.cloud.ZkCLI -cmd upconfig -zkhost 127.0.0.1:1181,127.0.0.1:2181,127.0.0.1:3181 -confdir /usr/local/solr/solrhome-1/update/  -confname solr-conf

）

在我本机运行时出现错：

org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrServer$RemoteSolrException:Error CREATEing SolrCore 'test_shard1_replica1': Unable to create core: test_shard1_replica1 Caused by: Lock obtain timed out: NativeFSLock@/usr/local/data/solr/index/write.lock

        这是由于3个节点都在我本机，咱们将索引目录指定为同一个，这种建立方式默认的数据文件夹会重复，咱们能够分别指定分片文件夹

2.删除collection
官方示例：/admin/collections?action=DELETE&name=collection
个人示例：http://192.168.66.99:8080/solr/admin/collections?action=DELETE&name=test


3.建立分片
官方示例：/admin/collections?action=CREATESHARD&shard=shardName&collection=name
/admin/collections?action=SPLITSHARD: split a shard into two new shards

个人示例：http://192.168.66.99:8080/solr/admin/collections?action=CREATESHARD&collection=test&shard=shard1&name=test_shard1_replica1&property.schema=schema2.xml&property.dataDir=/usr/local/data/solr/test_shard1_replica1

本人测试，若是collection是使用第1节方式建立的，使用这种方式进行建立分片时，没法正确执行，缘由待研究

4.其余

/admin/collections?action=RELOAD: reload a collection
/admin/collections?action=SPLITSHARD: split a shard into two new shards
/admin/collections?action=CREATESHARD: create a new shard
/admin/collections?action=DELETESHARD: delete an inactive shard
/admin/collections?action=CREATEALIAS: create or modify an alias for a collection
/admin/collections?action=DELETEALIAS: delete an alias for a collection
/admin/collections?action=DELETEREPLICA: delete a replica of a shard

/admin/collections?action=ADDREPLICA: add a replica of a shard

/admin/collections?action=CLUSTERPROP: Add/edit/delete a cluster-wide property

/admin/collections?action=MIGRATE: Migrate documents to another collection 
/admin/collections?action=ADDROLE: Add a specific role to a node in the cluster
/admin/collections?action=REMOVEROLE: Remove an assigned role
/admin/collections?action=OVERSEERSTATUS: Get status and statistics of the overseer
/admin/collections?action=CLUSTERSTATUS: Get cluster status
/admin/collections?action=REQUESTSTATUS: Get the status of a previous asynchronous request

/admin/collections?action=LIST: List all collections 

 

二.Cores API

solr的core在我看来是对shard进行各类操做的，一个core可视为一个shard或者其replica的管理，可是也能够建立collection，

参考：https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/solr/CoreAdminHandler+Parameters+and+Usage

访问方式： http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=action，操做有如下几种

• STATUS
• CREATE
• RELOAD
• RENAME
• SWAP
• UNLOAD
• MERGEINDEXES
• SPLIT
• REQUESTSTATUS

1.查看状态

官方示例：http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=STATUS&core=core0

 

2.建立core

官方示例：http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=CREATE&name=coreX&instanceDir=path/to/dir&config=config_file_name.xml&schema=schem_file_name.xml&dataDir=data
可选参数基本与建立collection相同

Parameter

Description

name	The name of the new core. Same as "name" on the <core> element.
instanceDir	The directory where files for this SolrCore should be stored. Same as instanceDir on the <core> element.
config	(Optional) Name of the config file (solrconfig.xml) relative to instanceDir.
schema	(Optional) Name of the schema file (schema.xml) relative to instanceDir.
datadir	(Optional) Name of the data directory relative to instanceDir.
configSet	(Optional) Name of the configset to use for this core (see Config Sets)
collection	(Optional) The name of the collection to which this core belongs. The default is the name of the core. collection.<param>=<value> causes a property of <param>=<value> to be set if a new collection is being created. Use collection.configName=<configname> to point to the configuration for a new collection.
shard	(Optional) The shard id this core represents. Normally you want to be auto-assigned a shard id.
property.name=value	(Optional) Sets the core property name to value. See core.properties file contents.
async	(Optional) Request ID to track this action which will be processed asynchronously

个人示例：

http://192.168.66.99:8080/solr/admin/cores?action=CREATE&name=test&collection=test&shard=shard1&instanceDir=/usr/local/data/solr/solr-1/test/&schema=schema2.xml

 

name指明core名称 该名称为solrhome下的文件夹名称，该文件夹下存放该分片的数据文件

collection指明collection名称 若collection 不存在则建立 若存在则判断shard

shard指明分片名称 若shard不存在，则建立 若存在则建立一个该分片的副本

该命令会在 http://192.168.66.99:8080上建立一个名为test的collection，而且建立一个名为shard1的分片，而且该机器为这个分片的leader

 

http://192.168.66.99:8080/solr/admin/cores?action=CREATE&name=test_shard1_replica_2&collection=test&shard=shard1

该命令会在 http://192.168.66.99:8080上为test建立shard1的副本

 

3.刷新core

官方示例：http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=RELOAD&core=core0

4.重命名core

官方示例：http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=RENAME&core=core0&other=core5

5.交换core

官方示例：http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=SWAP&core=core1&other=core0

6.下线core

官方示例：http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=UNLOAD&core=core0

可选参数：

                

1. deleteIndex: if true, will remove the index when unloading the core.

• deleteDataDir: if true, removes the data directory and all sub-directories.
• deleteInstanceDir: if true, removes everything related to the core, including the index directory, configuration files, and other related files.

• async: if set to a value, makes the call asynchronous. This call can then be tracked using the REQUESTSTATUS API.

7.合并索引

 

官方示例：

方式1：http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=MERGEINDEXES&core=core0&indexDir=/opt/solr/core1/data/index&indexDir=/opt/solr/core2/data/index

方式2：http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=mergeindexes&core=core0&srcCore=core1&srcCore=core2

 

8.切分

官方示例：http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=SPLIT&core=core0&targetCore=core1&targetCore=core2

可选参数：

Parameter

Description

Multi-valued

core	The name of the core to be split.	false
path	The directory path in which a piece of the index will be written.	true
targetCore	The target Solr core to which a piece of the index will be merged	true
ranges	A comma-separated list of hash ranges in hexadecimal format	false
split.key	The key to be used for splitting the index	false
async	(Optional) Request ID to track this action which will be processed asynchronously	false

 

9.查看请求状态

官方示例：http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=REQUESTSTATUS&requestid=1

三.collection实践拓展

上述API提供给了咱们一组操做collection和core的方法，如今来想想实际场景中可能遇到的问题

1.场景1新增collection

搭建完solrcloud后咱们首先要考虑的就是创建collection，并对其进行分片，咱们有两种方式来作这件事

（1）让solrcloud自动帮咱们分片，指定分片名称等，即运行命令：

     http://192.168.66.99:8080/solr/admin/collections?action=CREATE&name=test&numShards=2&replicationFactor=2&maxShardsPerNode=3

（2）本身指定每一个分片的机器，即分别运行命令：

    http://192.168.66.99:7080/solr/admin/cores?action=CREATE&name=test_shard1_replica_1&collection=test&shard=shard1

    ...

这两种方式都可以指定配置文件，及存储路径

 

2.场景2-扩容

随着数据量和访问量的增大，咱们须要对solrcloud进行扩容，以维持其运行，这又可能包含两种场景

（1）增长一个collection shard

方式一：使用action=SPLITSHARD将一个分片切分红两块，而后再进行重命名等其余操做

方式二：使用cores?action=CREATE&name=test&collection=test&shard=shard1直接建立

（2）增长一个shard的副本

一样使用cores?action=CREATE&name=test&collection=test&shard=shard1直接建立

 

3.场景3-更换服务器

我的建议以下，先将新服务器加入solrcloud，同步索引文件，而后再下线老服务器，安全快捷直接经过管理界面便可实现

经过以上场景能够发现，使用core api在实际状况下可能更加快捷，所以能够重点学习

4.另外，有时咱们在配置solrcloud过程当中可能会出现各类配置错误，这种错误会在solrcloud的管理界面进行提示，好比配置collection时指定schema.xml而在zookeeper中并不存在指定的文件这时solrcloud就会提示：test3_shard2_replica1: org.apache.solr.common.SolrException:org.apache.solr.common.SolrException: Could not load core configuration for core test3_shard2_replica1如何处理这种错误呢：    （1）删除solrhome下的相关文件夹    （2）挨个重启solrcloud节点