InnoDB中锁的算法(2)

时间 2019-11-12

标签 innodb 算法栏目 MySQL 繁體版

原文原文链接

Ⅰ、上节回顾

session1：session

(root@localhost) [test]> select * from l;
+---+------+------+------+
| a | b    | c    | d    |
+---+------+------+------+
| 2 |    4 |    6 |    8 |
| 4 |    6 |    8 |   10 |
| 6 |    8 |   10 |   12 |
| 8 |   10 |   12 |   14 |
+---+------+------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> show variables like 'tx_isolation';
+---------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value           |
+---------------+-----------------+
| tx_isolation  | REPEATABLE-READ |
+---------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> select * from l where b = 6 for update;
+---+------+------+------+
| a | b    | c    | d    |
+---+------+------+------+
| 4 |    6 |    8 |   10 |
+---+------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.09 sec)

pk  2   4   6   8
key 4   6   8   10
二级索引锁住的是(4,6]&&(6,8)
主键锁住的是4

session2：并发

(root@localhost) [(test)]> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> insert into l values (3,4,14,20);

hang~~~

session1：性能

(root@localhost) [(none)]> show engine innodb status\G
...
MySQL thread id 1087, OS thread handle 139830446065408, query id 7300 localhost root update
insert into l values (3,4,14,20)
------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 19 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 1358 page no 5 n bits 72 index b of table `test`.`l` trx id 31220594 lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting
Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 80000006; asc     ;;
 1: len 4; hex 80000004; asc     ;;
...
4在被锁住的范围以内,因此插不进去

那(1,4,14,20)能插入吗？先公布答案,是能够插入的spa

为何？
这里有一个隐晦的问题线程

二级索引排序的时候包含主键值排序,锁的时候范围也是包含主键值,以下：code

((4,2),(6,4)],((6,4),(8,6))

(4,3)在这个范围内,因此不能插,而(4,1)不在这范围内,能够插orm

insert (5,4,14,20)也会阻塞,(4,5)在范围中排序

Ⅱ、走索引查询的记录不存在

2.1 rr事务隔离级别

(root@localhost) [test]> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> select * from l where b = 12 for update;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> show engine innodb status\G
...
---TRANSACTION 31220600, ACTIVE 7 sec
2 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 1104, OS thread handle 139830452774656, query id 7383 localhost root starting
show engine innodb status
TABLE LOCK table `test`.`l` trx id 31220600 lock mode IX
RECORD LOCKS space id 1358 page no 5 n bits 72 index b of table `test`.`l` trx id 31220600 lock_mode X
Record lock, heap no 1 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 1; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 8; hex 73757072656d756d; asc supremum;;
...
heap no 1    0和1的heap no表示的是min和max的记录,虚拟的
n_fields 1   只有一个列,伪列
key min 4 6 8 10 max

在max上加了锁,范围为(10,正无穷),意味着插入任意大于10的记录都是不能够的索引

rr级别时,若是搜索一条记录搜不到,就会在max上加锁,意味着这条没查到的记录以后的范围都插不了事务

为何呢?
若是第一次读12没有读到不把10日后的都锁住,那一个线程插入了12这条记录,第二次再去读就会读到12,就发生了幻读

再来
session1：

(root@localhost) [test]> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> select * from l where b = 7 for update;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> show engine innodb status\G
···
---TRANSACTION 31220601, ACTIVE 51 sec
2 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 1104, OS thread handle 139830452774656, query id 7387 localhost root starting
show engine innodb status
TABLE LOCK table `test`.`l` trx id 31220601 lock mode IX
RECORD LOCKS space id 1358 page no 5 n bits 72 index b of table `test`.`l` trx id 31220601 lock_mode X locks gap before rec
Record lock, heap no 4 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 80000008; asc     ;;
 1: len 4; hex 80000006; asc     ;;
···
在8上面加了一个gap锁,8自己是不锁的

session2：

(root@localhost) [test]> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> select * from l where b = 8 for update;
+---+------+------+------+
| a | b    | c    | d    |
+---+------+------+------+
| 6 |    8 |   10 |   12 |
+---+------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
这时候8这条记录上又有了Next-key Lock锁,锁住6到8,8自己也被锁住,8上面两把锁是不抵触的

2.2 rc事务隔离级别

(root@localhost) [test]> show variables like 'tx_isolation';
+---------------+----------------+
| Variable_name | Value          |
+---------------+----------------+
| tx_isolation  | READ-COMMITTED |
+---------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> select * from l where b = 12 for update;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> show engine innodb status\G
...
------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 31220604
Purge done for trx's n:o < 31220593 undo n:o < 0 state: running but idle
History list length 35
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 421305875783280, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
---TRANSACTION 421305875781456, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
---TRANSACTION 31220603, ACTIVE 6 sec
1 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 1106, OS thread handle 139830446065408, query id 7436 localhost root starting
show engine innodb status
TABLE LOCK table `test`.`l` trx id 31220603 lock mode IX
...

会发现并无锁,读到没有12这条记录,直接就释放了,rc不解决幻读,这么看rc的insert并发性能会更好

Ⅲ、不走索引的状况怎么锁？

3.1 rc事务隔离级别

(root@localhost) [test]> show variables like 'tx_isolation';
+---------------+----------------+
| Variable_name | Value          |
+---------------+----------------+
| tx_isolation  | READ-COMMITTED |
+---------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> select * from l where d = 10 for update;
+---+------+------+------+
| a | b    | c    | d    |
+---+------+------+------+
| 4 |    6 |    8 |   10 |
+---+------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> show engine innodb status\G
...
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 421305875783280, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
---TRANSACTION 421305875781456, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
---TRANSACTION 31220604, ACTIVE 11 sec
2 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 1106, OS thread handle 139830446065408, query id 7446 localhost root starting
show engine innodb status
TABLE LOCK table `test`.`l` trx id 31220604 lock mode IX
RECORD LOCKS space id 1358 page no 3 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table `test`.`l` trx id 31220604 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 6; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 80000004; asc     ;;
 1: len 6; hex 000001c1b93a; asc      :;;
 2: len 7; hex e1000001a90110; asc        ;;
 3: len 4; hex 80000006; asc     ;;
 4: len 4; hex 80000008; asc     ;;
 5: len 4; hex 8000000a; asc     ;;
...

会产生一个记录锁,对d=10这条记录对应的主键加锁

3.2 rr事务隔离级别

(root@localhost) [test]> show variables like 'tx_isolation';
+---------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value           |
+---------------+-----------------+
| tx_isolation  | REPEATABLE-READ |
+---------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> select * from l where d = 10 for update;
+---+------+------+------+
| a | b    | c    | d    |
+---+------+------+------+
| 4 |    6 |    8 |   10 |
+---+------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> show engine innodb status\G
...
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 421305875783280, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
---TRANSACTION 421305875781456, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
---TRANSACTION 31220606, ACTIVE 22 sec
2 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 5 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 1106, OS thread handle 139830446065408, query id 7459 localhost root starting
show engine innodb status
TABLE LOCK table `test`.`l` trx id 31220606 lock mode IX
RECORD LOCKS space id 1358 page no 3 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table `test`.`l` trx id 31220606 lock_mode X
Record lock, heap no 1 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 1; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 8; hex 73757072656d756d; asc supremum;;

Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 6; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 80000002; asc     ;;
 1: len 6; hex 000001c1b939; asc      9;;
 2: len 7; hex e0000001a80110; asc        ;;
 3: len 4; hex 80000004; asc     ;;
 4: len 4; hex 80000006; asc     ;;
 5: len 4; hex 80000008; asc     ;;

Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 6; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 80000004; asc     ;;
 1: len 6; hex 000001c1b93a; asc      :;;
 2: len 7; hex e1000001a90110; asc        ;;
 3: len 4; hex 80000006; asc     ;;
 4: len 4; hex 80000008; asc     ;;
 5: len 4; hex 8000000a; asc     ;;

Record lock, heap no 4 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 6; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 80000006; asc     ;;
 1: len 6; hex 000001c1b93f; asc      ?;;
 2: len 7; hex e40000015d0110; asc     ]  ;;
 3: len 4; hex 80000008; asc     ;;
 4: len 4; hex 8000000a; asc     ;;
 5: len 4; hex 8000000c; asc     ;;

Record lock, heap no 5 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 6; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 80000008; asc     ;;
 1: len 6; hex 000001c1b940; asc      @;;
 2: len 7; hex e50000015f0110; asc     _  ;;
 3: len 4; hex 8000000a; asc     ;;
 4: len 4; hex 8000000c; asc     ;;
 5: len 4; hex 8000000e; asc     ;;
...

Next-key Lock锁住了主键的2,4,6,8

(负无穷,2],(2,4],(4,6],(6,8],(8,正无穷)

这并非表锁(没有表升级),只是表现形式相似整个锁住,若是表有100w记录,会产生100w个lock,锁模式是Next-key Locking,任何记录的插入和更新都是不能够的,锁的代价很大

由于后面插入任何一条记录均可以是d=10,因此任何一条记录都要被锁住,随便插一个d=10的记录都给插那就乱套了,又幻读了,那就不容许任何记录插入吧

tips： rr自己不解决幻读,只有在序列化的事务隔离级别之下才解决幻读,可是MySQL的锁比较特殊,在rr隔离级别下就解决幻读