大数据学习系列----web日志分析

场景

nginx日志目录 /usr/local/nginx/logs，日志格式：

123.13.17.13 - - [25/Aug/2016:00:00:01 +0800] "GET /AppFiles/apk/studynet/icon_v120/apk_80111_1.jpg HTTP/1.1" 206 51934 "http://img.xxx.com:8080/AppFiles/apk/studynet/icon_v120/apk_80111_1.jpg" "Dalvik/1.6.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.4.2; S100 Build/KOT49H)"
120.210.166.150 - - [25/Aug/2016:00:00:01 +0800] "GET /AppFiles/apk/studynet/products/product_lc01.zip HTTP/1.1" 206 16631 "http://img.xxx.com:8080/AppFiles/apk/studynet/products/product_lc01.zip" "Dalvik/1.6.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.4.2; S908 Build/KVT49L)"
123.13.17.13 - - [25/Aug/2016:00:00:01 +0800] "GET /AppFiles/apk/studynet/icon_v120/apk_80111_0.jpg HTTP/1.1" 206 53119 "http://img.xxx.com:8080/AppFiles/apk/studynet/icon_v120/apk_80111_0.jpg" "Dalvik/1.6.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.4.2; S100 Build/KOT49H)"
219.137.119.16 - - [25/Aug/2016:00:00:01 +0800] "GET /AppFiles/apk/gamenet/icon/icon_0_506_0.jpg HTTP/1.1" 404 1035 "-" "Dalvik/v3.3.110_update3 (Linux; U; Android 2.2.1-R-20151127.1131; ET_35 Build/KTU84Q)"
120.210.166.150 - - [25/Aug/2016:00:00:01 +0800] "GET /AppFiles/apk/studynet/products/product_lc01.zip HTTP/1.1" 206 40719 "http://img.xxx.com:8080/AppFiles/apk/studynet/products/product_lc01.zip" "Dalvik/1.6.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.4.2; S908 Build/KVT49L)"

日志以空格分割，共12列数据：

一、客户端IP
二、空白（远程登陆名称）
三、空白（认证的远程用户）
四、请求时间
五、时区（UTC）
六、请求方法
七、请求资源
八、http协议
九、状态码
十、发送字节数
十一、访问来源
十二、客户浏览信息（不具体拆分）

nginx服务器部署HDFS日志上传脚本，定时将nginx日志上传到HDFS平台。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

import subprocess
import sys
import datetime

webid = 'test1' #HDFS存储日志标志，另外一台Web服务器为：test2
currdate = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d')

logspath = '/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log' #日志路径
logname = 'access.log.'+webid

try:
    #建立HDFS目录，目录格式：nginx/20160825，加wait()是为了让父进程等待子进程完成后再继续往下执行（subporcess默认启动子进程后不等待其执行结果就继续往下执行）
    subprocess.Popen(['/usr/local/hadoop-2.6.4/bin/hadoop','fs','-mkdir','-p','hdfs:///user/root/nginx'+currdate],stdout=subprocess.PIPE).wait() 
except Exception as e:
    pass

putinfo = subprocess.Popen(['/usr/local/hadoop-2.6.4/bin/hadoop','fs','-put',logspath,'hdfs:///user/root/nginx/' +currdate +'/'+logname],stdout=subprocess.PIPE) #上传本地日志到HDFS

for line in putinfo.stdout:
    print line

将上传脚本部署到corntab实现定时功能

0 0 * * * /usr/bin/python /root/hadooptest/hdfsput.py >> /dev/null 2>&1

日志上传到HDFS上，信息以下：

[root@wx ~]# hadoop fs -ls /user/root/nginx/20160825
Found 2 items
-rw-r--r-- 1 root supergroup 15 2016-08-25 15:58 /user/root/nginx/20160825/access.log.test1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root supergroup 28 2016-08-25 15:58 /user/root/nginx/20160825/access.log.test2

访问流量统计

实现精确到分钟统计网站访问流量，mapper操做时将web日志中的每分钟做为key，将对应的行发送字节数value，在reducer操做时对时间相同的key作累加。

使用MRJob

#/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from mrjob.job import MRJob
import re

class MRCounter(MRJob):
    def mapper(self, key, line):
        i = 0
        for flow in line.split(): #获取时间段，为域日志的第4列，内容如：“[24/Aug/2016:00:00:02”
            if i==3:
                timerow = flow.split(':')
                hm = timerow[1] + ':' + timerow[2] #获取'小时:分钟'，做为key
            if i==9 and re.match(r'\d{1,}',flow): #获取日志第10列:发送的字节数，做为value
                yield hm,int(flow) #初始化key:value
            i+=1

    def reducer(self, key, occurences):
        yield key,sum(occurences) #相同key“小时:分钟”的value作累加操做

if __name__ == '__main__':
    MRCounter.run()

生成Hadoop任务，运行：

python /root/hadoop/httpflow.py -r hadoop -o hdfs://output/httpflow hdfs:///user/root/nginx

分析结果按期导入MySql生成报表。

统计网站HTTP状态码

能够帮助咱们了解网站健康状态，利用MRJob的多步调用实现。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

from mrjob.job import MRJob
import re

class MRCounter(MRJob):
    def mapper(self, key, line):
        i = 0
        for httpcode in line.split():
            if i == 8 and re.match(r'\d{1,3}',httpcode): #获取日志中HTTP状态码段，做为key
                yield httpcode,1 #初始化key:value，value计数为1，方便reducer作累加
            i+=1

    def reducer(self, httpcode,occurrences):
        yield httpcode,sum(occurrences) #对排序后的key对应的value做sum累加

    def steps(self):
        return [self.mr(mapper=self.mapper),self.mr(reducer=self.reducer)] #在steps方法中添加调用队列

if __name__ == '__main__':
    MRCounter.run()

生成Hadoop任务，运行：

python httpstatus.py -r hadoop -o hdfs:///output/httpstatus hdfs:///user/nginx

结果：

[root@wx hadooptest]# hadoop fs -cat /output/httpstatus/part-00000
"200" 608997
"206" 2802574
"302" 1
"304" 34600
"400" 30
"401" 1
"404" 1653791
"416" 180358
"499" 2689

访问来源IP统计

统计访问来源IP能够了解网站用户分布，帮助安全人员捕捉攻击来源。定义匹配IP正则字符串做为key，将value初始化为1，执行reducer操做累加统计。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

from mrjob.job import MRJob
import re

IP_RE = re.compile(r'\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}') #定义IP正则匹配

class MRCounter(MRJob):
    def mapper(self, key, line):
        for ip in IP_RE.findall(line): #匹配IP正则后生成key:value，其中key为IP地址，value初始值为1
            yield ip,1

    def reducer(self, ip,occurrences):
        yield ip,sum(occurrences) #对排序后的key对应的value做sum累加

if __name__ == '__main__':
    MRCounter.run()

执行任务：

python ipstat.py -r hadoop -o hdfs:///output/ipstat hdfs:///user/nginx