这是个测试用的例子,经过反射调用对象的方法。java
import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; /** * Created by IntelliJ IDEA. * File: TestRef.java * User: leizhimin * Date: 2008-1-28 14:48:44 */ public class TestRef { public staticvoid main(String args[]) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException { Foo foo = new Foo("这个一个Foo对象!"); Class clazz = foo.getClass(); Method m1 = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("outInfo"); Method m2 = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("setMsg", String.class); Method m3 = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getMsg"); m1.invoke(foo); m2.invoke(foo, "从新设置msg信息!"); String msg = (String) m3.invoke(foo); System.out.println(msg); } } class Foo { private String msg; public Foo(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void outInfo() { System.out.println("这是测试Java反射的测试类"); } }
控制台输出结果:jvm
这是测试Java反射的测试类
从新设置msg信息!
Process finished with exit code 0
JAVA反射使用手记测试
本篇文章为在工做中使用JAVA反射的经验总结,也能够说是一些小技巧,之后学会新的小技巧,会不断更新。本文不许备讨论JAVA反射的机制,网上有不少,你们随便google一下就能够了。this
在开始以前,我先定义一个测试类Student,代码以下:google
package chb.test.reflect; public class Student { private int age; private String name; public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public static void hi(int age,String name){ System.out.println("你们好,我叫"+name+",今年"+age+"岁"); } }
1、JAVA反射的常规使用步骤spa
反射调用通常分为3个步骤:code
代码示例:对象
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method m = cls.getDeclaredMethod("hi",new Class[]{int.class,String.class}); m.invoke(cls.newInstance(),20,"chb");
2、方法调用中的参数类型blog
在方法调用中,参数类型必须正确,这里须要注意的是不能使用包装类替换基本类型,好比不能使用Integer.class代替int.class。get
如我要调用Student的setAge方法,下面的调用是正确的:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",int.class); setMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(), 15);
而若是咱们用Integer.class替代int.class就会出错,如:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",Integer.class); setMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(), 15);
jvm会报出以下异常:
java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: chb.test.reflect.Student.setAge(java.lang.Integer)
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethod(Unknown Source)
at chb.test.reflect.TestClass.testReflect(TestClass.java:23)
3、static方法的反射调用
static方法调用时,没必要获得对象示例,以下:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Method staticMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("hi",int.class,String.class); staticMethod.invoke(cls,20,"chb");//这里不须要newInstance //staticMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(),20,"chb");
4、private的成员变量赋值
若是直接经过反射给类的private成员变量赋值,是不容许的,这时咱们能够经过setAccessible方法解决。代码示例:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Object student = cls.newInstance();//获得一个实例 Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("age"); field.set(student, 10); System.out.println(field.get(student));
运行如上代码,系统会报出以下异常:
java.lang.IllegalAccessException: Class chb.test.reflect.TestClass can not access a member of class chb.test.reflect.Student with modifiers "private" at sun.reflect.Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Field.doSecurityCheck(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Field.getFieldAccessor(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Field.set(Unknown Source) at chb.test.reflect.TestClass.testReflect(TestClass.java:20)
解决方法:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Object student = cls.newInstance(); Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("age"); field.setAccessible(true);//设置容许访问 field.set(student, 10); System.out.println(field.get(student));
其实,在某些场合下(类中有get,set方法),能够先反射调用set方法,再反射调用get方法达到如上效果,代码示例:
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student"); Object student = cls.newInstance(); Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",Integer.class); setMethod.invoke(student, 15);//调用set方法 Method getMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("getAge"); System.out.println(getMethod.invoke(student));