Spring3系列5-Bean的基本用法

Spring3系列5-Bean的基本用法

本篇讲述了Bean的基本配置方法,以及Spring中怎样运用Bean。java

 

主要内容以下:spring

1、      Spring中Bean的相互引用

2、      Spring中给Bean属性注入value

3、      Spring Inner Bean—内部嵌套的Bean

4、      Spring Bean Scopes—Bean的做用域

5、      Spring Collections(List、Set、Map、Properties) — 集合类型的Bean

 

 

 

1、      Spring中Bean的相互引用

在Spring框架中,能够经过ref来互相引用相同或不一样xml配置文件中定义的Beansession

1.        引用不一样xml配置文件中的bean

若是你想引用不一样xml配置文件中的bean,可使用’ref’标签,结合’bean’属性。框架

格式:<ref bean="someBean"/>ide

在下边的例子中,bean’ OutputHelper’在’ Spring-Common.xml’文件中被定义,经过使用’ref’标签,结合’bean’属性,能够引用’ Spring-Output.xml’文件中定义的两个bean(“CsvOutputGenerator” 和 “JsonOutputGenerator“)函数

 

配置文件:Spring-Output.xml以下测试

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

  <bean id="CsvOutputGenerator"  class="com.lei.output.impl.CsvOutputGenerator" />
  <bean id="JsonOutputGenerator"  class="com.lei.output.impl.JsonOutputGenerator" />

</beans>

 

 

配置文件: Spring-Common.xml以下this

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="OutputHelper" class="com.lei.output.OutputHelper">
        <property name="outputGenerator" >
            <ref bean="CsvOutputGenerator"/>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

 

 

2.        引用相同xml配置文件中的bean

若是你想引用相同xml配置文件中的bean,可使用’ref’标签,结合’local’属性。spa

格式:<ref local="someBean"/>prototype

 

配置文件:Spring-Output.xml以下

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="OutputHelper" class="com.lei.output.OutputHelper">
        <property name="outputGenerator" >
            <ref local="CsvOutputGenerator"/>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="CsvOutputGenerator" class="com.lei.output.impl.CsvOutputGenerator" />
    <bean id="JsonOutputGenerator" class="com.lei.output.impl.JsonOutputGenerator" />

</beans>

 

注意

实际上,’ref’标签中’bean’属性,既能够引用相同xml文件中的bean,也能够引用不一样xml文件中的bean,可是,考虑到项目的可读性,引用相同xml配置文件的bean时,应该尽可能使用’local’属性。

 

2、      Spring中给Bean属性注入value

Spring中,一般有3种方法给Bean的属性注入value。

通常方法,缩写方法,”p” schema方法。

 

先看下边的Bean:FileNameGenerator.java,其中包含两个properties,name和type,咱们向两个properties注入value。

package com.lei.common;

public class FileNameGenerator
{

    private String name;
    private String type;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }
}

 

 

1.        通常方法

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
 
    <bean id="FileNameGenerator" class="com.lei.common.FileNameGenerator">
        <property name="name">
            <value>lei</value>
        </property>
        <property name="type">
            <value>txt</value>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

 

2.        缩写方法

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="FileNameGenerator" class="com.lei.common.FileNameGenerator">
        <property name="name" value="lei" />
        <property name="type" value="txt" />
    </bean>

</beans>

 

 

3.        ”p” schema

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="FileNameGenerator" class="com.lei.common.FileNameGenerator"
             p:name="lei" p:type="txt" />

</beans>

 

注意,这种方法须要在bean的配置文件xml中,加入如下声明

 xmlns:p=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/p

 

3、      Spring Inner Bean—内部嵌套的Bean

如下Demo演示了一个Bean中嵌套了另外一个Bean,即所谓的内部嵌套Bean的配置方法,内部嵌套的Bean支持属性(property)注入和构造函数(constructor-arg)注入。

 

先看一下Customer.java 和Person.java

package com.lei.common;

public class Customer
{
    private Person person;
    public Customer(Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }

    public void setPerson(Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer [person=" + person + "]";
    }
}

 

 

package com.lei.common;

public class Person
{
    private String name;
    private String address;
    private int age;

    //getter and setter methods…此处省略
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [address=" + address + ", 
                               age=" + age + ", name=" + name + "]";
    }  
}

 

配置Bean时,要在Customer的Bean中注入内部Bean,即Person。

 

1.     Customer中,能够用’ref’属性引用PersonBean,以下

 

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.lei.common.Customer">
        <property name="person" ref="PersonBean" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="PersonBean" class="com.lei.common.Person">
        <property name="name" value="lei" />
        <property name="address" value="address1" />
        <property name="age" value="28" />
    </bean>

</beans>

 

 

 2.     以上方法利用’ref’很好的引用了Person,可是,一旦Person仅仅被用在Customer下,也就是说不会被别的Bean引用,最好的方法就是在Customerbean中声明一个内部Bean,以下

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.lei.common.Customer">
        <property name="person">
            <bean class="com.lei.common.Person">
                <property name="name" value="lei" />
                <property name="address" value="address1" />
                <property name="age" value="28" />
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

 

 

3.     内部Bean也能够经过构造函数注入

 

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.lei.common.Customer">
        <constructor-arg>
            <bean class="com.lei.common.Person">
                <property name="name" value="lei" />
                <property name="address" value="address1" />
                <property name="age" value="28" />
            </bean>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>

 

注意,以上2,3两种状况下,Person的Bean配置中,能够忽略id属性。

 

4、      Spring Bean Scopes—Bean的做用域

在Spring中,Bean的做用域决定了从Spring容器中返回的Bean实例的类型。

在Spring中,支持如下5中类型的做用域:

 

  1. singleton — 单例模式,由IOC容器返回一个惟一的bean实例。
  2. prototype — 原型模式,被请求时,每次返回一个新的bean实例。
  3. request — 每一个HTTP Request请求返回一个惟一的Bean实例。
  4. session — 每一个HTTP Session返回一个惟一的Bean实例。
  5. globalSession — Http Session全局Bean实例。

注:大多数状况下,你可能只须要处理Spring的核心做用域 — 单例模式(singleton)和原型模式(prototype),默认状况下,做用域是单例模式。

 

singletonprototype区别

CustomerService.java以下

package com.lei.customer.services;

public class CustomerService
{
    String message;

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
 
    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}

 

 

若是是singleton状况下的配置以下

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
       <bean id="customerService"
            class="com.lei.customer.services.CustomerService" />
</beans>

 

以上配置中,若是没有指定scope范围,默认状况下是sighleton模式。

 

运行下边的代码

package com.lei.common;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.lei.customer.services.CustomerService;

public class App
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
    ApplicationContext context =
     new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"Spring-Customer.xml"});

    CustomerService custA = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService");
    custA.setMessage("Message by custA");
    System.out.println("Message : " + custA.getMessage());

    //retrieve it again
    CustomerService custB = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService");
    System.out.println("Message : " + custB.getMessage());
    }
}

 

 

输出结果以下:

Message : Message by custA
Message : Message by custA

 

Protptype状况下的配置以下:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

<bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.customer.services.CustomerService"
         scope="prototype"/>
</beans>

 

 

再运行一下测试代码,输出结果以下:

Message : Message by custA
Message : null

设置scope为prototype后,测试代码中,每调用一次getBean()方法后,都会获得一个新的实例。

 

5、      Spring Collections(List、Set、Map、Properties) — 集合类型的Bean

本节讲述怎样将值注入集合类型,包含如下四种主要的集合类型:

List —— <list/>

Set —— <set/>

Map —— <map/>

Properties —— <props/>

 

首先写一个Bean,一个Customer对象,包含四种集合属性,以下,

Customer.java

package com.lei.common;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

public class Customer
{
    private List<Object> lists;
    private Set<Object> sets;
    private Map<Object, Object> maps;
    private Properties pros;

    //...此处省略setter和getter
}

 

 

1.        List

  <property name="lists">
        <list>
            <value>1</value>
            <ref bean="PersonBean" />
            <bean class="com.lei.common.Person">
                <property name="name" value="leiList" />
                <property name="address" value="address" />
                <property name="age" value="28" />
            </bean>
        </list>
    </property>

 

2.        Set

  <property name="sets">
        <set>
            <value>1</value>
            <ref bean="PersonBean" />
            <bean class="com.lei.common.Person">
                <property name="name" value="leiSet" />
                <property name="address" value="address" />
                <property name="age" value="28" />
            </bean>
        </set>
    </property>

 

 

3.        Map

    

  <property name="maps">
        <map>
            <entry key="Key 1" value="1" />
            <entry key="Key 2" value-ref="PersonBean" />
            <entry key="Key 3">
                <bean class="com.lei.common.Person">
                    <property name="name" value="leiMap" />
                    <property name="address" value="address" />
                    <property name="age" value="28" />
                </bean>
            </entry>
        </map>
    </property>

 

 

4.        Properties

  <property name="pros">
        <props>
            <prop key="admin">admin@nospam.com</prop>
            <prop key="support">support@nospam.com</prop>
        </props>
    </property>

 

综上,全部的bean配置文件以下

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.lei.common.Customer">
        <!-- java.util.List -->
        <property name="lists">
            <list>
                <value>1</value>
                <ref bean="PersonBean" />
                <bean class="com.lei.common.Person">
                    <property name="name" value="leiList" />
                    <property name="address" value="address" />
                    <property name="age" value="28" />
                </bean>
            </list>
        </property>

        <!-- java.util.Set -->
        <property name="sets">
            <set>
                <value>1</value>
                <ref bean="PersonBean" />
                <bean class="com.lei.common.Person">
                    <property name="name" value="leiSet" />
                    <property name="address" value="address" />
                    <property name="age" value="28" />
                </bean>
            </set>
        </property>

        <!-- java.util.Map -->
        <property name="maps">
            <map>
                <entry key="Key 1" value="1" />
                <entry key="Key 2" value-ref="PersonBean" />
                <entry key="Key 3">
                    <bean class="com.lei.common.Person">
                        <property name="name" value="leiMap" />
                        <property name="address" value="address" />
                        <property name="age" value="28" />
                    </bean>
                </entry>
            </map>
        </property>
 
        <!-- java.util.Properties -->
        <property name="pros">
            <props>
                <prop key="admin">admin@nospam.com</prop>
                <prop key="support">support@nospam.com</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="PersonBean" class="com.lei.common.Person">
        <property name="name" value="lei1" />
        <property name="address" value="address 1" />
        <property name="age" value="28" />
    </bean>

</beans>
相关文章
相关标签/搜索